Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Kc, Alisha; Gan, Connie Cai Ru; Dwirahmadi, Febi

doi:10.3390/ijerph16162964

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A recent study on preparedness for earthquakes in Nepal indicated that communities in the developing world demonstrate high resilience, to some extent, through the culture of sharing and helping each other. 11 Similarly, a secure community support system, also known as "ultrasociality," is deeply rooted in the social cohesion arising out of unified spiritual and religious beliefs in the Indian subcontinent. 12 This could be another contributor to better mental preparedness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Psychological Disaster Preparedness – An Unmet Need

Agarwal

Sharma

Gupta

et al. 2020

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Background The COVID19 pandemic is a disaster of unprecedented proportions with global repercussions. Psychological preparedness, the primed cognitive awareness and anticipation of dealing with emotional responses in an adverse situation, has assumed a compelling relevance during a health disaster of this magnitude. Methods An anonymized eSurvey was conducted in India to assess psychological preparedness towards the ongoing pandemic with a focus on knowledge, management of own and others’ emotional response and anticipatory coping mechanisms amongst the survey population. An adapted version of the qualitative Psychological Preparedness for Natural Disaster scale validated by the World Health Organization was widely circulated over the internet and various social media platforms for assessment. Results are expressed as median ± standard deviation). Descriptive stats were used and figures downloaded from surveymonkey.com. Results Of the 1120 respondents (M: F 1.7:1, age 35 years ±14.1) most expressed a high level of perceived knowledge and confidence of managing COVID-19, such as awareness of the symptoms of the illness (95.1%), actions needed (94.4%), hospital to report to (88.9%), and emergency contact number (89.1%). A majority monitored news bulletins and scientific journals regarding COVID-19 regularly (95%). However, nearly one-third (29.2%) could not assess their likelihood of developing COVID-19, and 17.5% were unaware of the difference between a mild and severe infection. Twenty- three per cent (23.3%) were unfamiliar with the materials needed in an acute illness situation. Conclusion Psychological disaster preparedness is reasonable, although lacking in specific domains. Timely but focused interventions can be a cost-efficient administrative exercise which federal agencies may prioritize working on.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Psychological Disaster Preparedness – An Unmet Need

Agarwal

Sharma

Gupta

et al. 2020

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…The literature confirmed the relationship between collective efficacy and social exchange, which cultivated the capacity of the community members to prepare for and recover from disaster events [135]. Another study from a different setting also demonstrated that social cohesion is essential to speeding up the recovery process within the affected communities after two major earthquakes (magnitude 7.8 and 7.6) hit Nepal in 2015 [136].…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendations: The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 85%

Understanding the Operational Concept of a Flood-Resilient Urban Community in Jakarta, Indonesia, from the Perspectives of Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Development Agencies

Dwirahmadi

Rutherford

Phung

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Climate change-related extreme events such as floods have and will continue to present a great challenge to disaster risk management. There is a pressing need to develop a robust management strategy via enhancing the resiliency of the community, particularly in the context of complex urban environments, like Jakarta. Resilience is conceptualized within specific contexts and uniquely tailored to the targeted setting, yet research regarding the operational concept of a flood-resilient community in the context of Jakarta remains limited. This paper will elaborate this operational concept through understanding the desirable features and influential barriers of a flood-resilient community through the lenses of three main stakeholder groups: disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and development. It will also discuss the ways in which the synergies that exist across these groups can be enhanced. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied in this study, and multiple sources of data were used. The findings indicate that these groups share common views regarding the importance of human aspects being central to resilience building efforts. We argue there is an urgent need to shift the flood resilience building paradigm towards building community resilience from the people and to apply a collaborative governance approach to facilitate effective partnership between the actors involved.

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“…Researchers have arrived at a consensus that governmental departments should be committed to organizing PFA (Kc et al, 2019). Our review revealed that both governmental and nongovernmental organizations are involved, which will have both advantages and disadvantages, depending on the political and civic society situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contextualization is the incorporation of contextual details in practice, giving due consideration to the economic, cultural, political, and multifaceted aspects of a situation (Salet & de Vries, 2019). The optimal goal of PFA is to facilitate resilience, which is closely related to the local organizational, cultural, and societal background (Hechanova, Ramos, & Waelde, 2015; Kc, Gan, & Dwirahmadi, 2019). Some studies have reported the application of PFA in different disaster scenarios, but little is known about the application of PFA in the contexts of different disasters, cultures, political systems, and timing (Shultz & Forbes, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review

Sim

Wang²

2021

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose Contextualization of psychological first aid (PFA) in different cultural, political, and socioeconomic contexts and in different population groups is essential. This review analyzes the efforts that have been made to contextualize PFA in different parts of the world for different disasters and emergencies. Design Integrative literature review. Methods The major databases that were searched for related literature published until August 2019 included JBI, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOSIS, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and PsycINFO. A total of 17 studies published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) model, and the 6W3H tool was applied to synthesize the results. Findings PFA has been adapted to various disasters and populations in different countries and regions. The organizations that administer PFA range from community level to national level. Professional or “outside helpers” who enter disaster‐affected locations include psychologists, fire fighters, social workers, and nurses. “Inside helpers,” who live and work in the disaster‐affected areas, include HR staff, teachers, and peer emergency personnel. Only a few studies have reported the exact number of first responders who administered PFA. Some studies revised PFA as group based, and a few reported the classification of groups of victims. Notably, all adaptations adhered to the basic principles of PFA, and the time at which PFA was administered ranged from a few days to months after an incident. PFA was conducted on site in all studies. The selection of the location depended on the type of disaster and local situation with due consideration of safety. Only a few studies specified the rationale for revising the PFA. None of these 17 studies reported the cost, cost‐benefit, or cost‐effectiveness of PFA. Conclusions Population‐focused, context‐specific, and group‐based PFA is emerging worldwide. Nurses are actively playing a role in providing PFA. Research gaps exist in differentiating between the roles played by “outside” and “inside” responders, considering vulnerable age groups other than children, incorporating the major PFA concepts such as resilience, and evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of PFA. Clinical Relevance It is imperative that nurses and other emergency staff consider the intersection of age, gender, cultural, political, social economic, and spiritual contexts when developing a context appropriate PFA.

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Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Cited by 22 publications

References 72 publications

COVID-19 and Psychological Disaster Preparedness – An Unmet Need

COVID-19 and Psychological Disaster Preparedness – An Unmet Need

Understanding the Operational Concept of a Flood-Resilient Urban Community in Jakarta, Indonesia, from the Perspectives of Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Development Agencies

Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review

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