Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Dias, Ricardo Augusto; Ulloa-Stanojlovic, Francisco Miroslav; Belchior, Ana Paula Cunha; Ferreira, Rodrigo De Souza; Gonçalves, Rita Coelho; Aguiar, Ricardo Souza Costa Barão de; Sousa, Paola Da Rocha; Santos, Arianne Mastrangeli Amici; Amaku, Marcos; Ferreira, João J.; Telles, Evelise Oliveira; Grisi-Filho, José Henrique Hildebrand; Gonçalves, Vı́tor Salvador Picão; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan; Neto, José Soares Ferreira

doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3673

Cited by 30 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Studies based on bovine tuberculosis, conducted in 12 Federative Units, which contain 75% of the Brazilian herd, showed herd prevalence estimates between 0.5% and 9.0% in Santa Catarina and São Paulo, respectively (BAHIENSE et al, 2016;BARBIERI et al, 2016;DIAS et al, 2016;GALVIS et al, 2016;GUEDES et al, 2016;LIMA et al, 2016;NÉSPOLI et al, 2016;QUEIROZ et al, 2016;ROCHA et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2016;VELOSO et al, 2016;VENDRAME et al, 2016). The same authors observed that the risk of bovine tuberculosis increased in larger dairy cattle herds on farms that use some degree of automation in the dairy production process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District of Brazil

Ribeiro

Gonçalves

Francisco

et al. 2016

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Considering the implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) in 2001, and the need to determine the epidemiological status of animal tuberculosis for future evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures laid down, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District (DF) of Brazil, as well as to provide an input for the strategic management of PNCEBT. Field testing and data collection was carried out from February to December 2003. The DF was considered a single epidemiological region owing to the small number of existing farms, and the absence of significant differences between the region's farming enterprises, which would justify the stratification of the regional sample. A total of 278 farms were randomly sampled from the local registry database of bovine farms with reproductive activity, in which 2,019 adult cows were tuberculin tested. Only one sampled animal had a positive result, using the comparative cervical tuberculin test, resulting in a bovine tuberculosis prevalence of 0.05% [95% CI: 0.0-0.4%]. The herd-level prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the DF was estimated as 0.36% [95% CI: 0-2.0%]. The analysis of risk factors was impaired by the results obtained, as the number of cases did not allow for this kind of analysis. Cattle farming in the DF is predominantly aimed at dairy production; however, it is characterized by the presence of small low milk yield herds, which may not favor the introduction and persistency of infection of Mycobacterium bovis. Health authorities from the DF perform surveillance for bovine tuberculosis and maintain the need for tests for the movement of bovines for breeding and those animals destined for any form of animal gathering, especially auctions. Therefore, it is likely that the DF has good conditions for successfully implementing the PNCEBT. ResumoConsiderando a implantação do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT) no ano de 2001 e a necessidade de se conhecer a situação epidemiológica local da tuberculose animal para uma posterior avaliação da eficácia das medidas estabelecidas, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência e identificar os fatores de risco para a tuberculose bovina no Distrito Federal, assim como, fornecer subsídios para a gestão estratégica do PNCETB. A colheita de dados foi realizada no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2003. O DF foi considerado como uma única região epidemiológica devido ao número pequeno de propriedades existentes e pela ausência de diferenças importantes entre as regiões pecuárias que justificassem a estratificação regional da amostra. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente 278 propriedades do banco cadastral local de rebanhos bovinos com atividade reprodutiva, nas quais foram testadas 2019 fêmeas adultas. Somente um animal amostrado foi positivo ao Teste Cervical Comparativo, resultando numa prevalência de animais...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District of Brazil

Ribeiro

Gonçalves

Francisco

et al. 2016

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“…The higher probability of infection in herds from properties with more animals was also verified in the Republic of Ireland (GRIFFIN et al, 1996;CLEGG et al, 2012), United Kingdom (REILLY; COURTENAY, 2007;RAMÍREZ-VILLAESCUSA et al, 2010;BESSELL et al, 2012), New Zealand (PORPHYRE et al, 2008), and Brazil (BAHIENSE et al, 2016DIAS et al, 2016;GALVIS et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2016;BAUMGARTEN et al, 2016). Larger herds present greater replacement rates, increasing the risk of inclusion of infected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Dairy herds are more vulnerable to tuberculosis because dairy production involves animal confinement during milking, which increases the risk of transmission (BARLOW et al, 1997), considering that confinement increases the population density and consequently the probability of infectious contacts (HUMBLET et al, 2010;ALVAREZ et al, 2012). Dairy herds also presented greater risk for tuberculosis in New Zealand (PORPHYRE et al, 2008), United Kingdom (RAMÍREZ-VILLAESCUSA et al, 2010;KAROLEMEAS et al, 2011), andBrazil (BAHIENSE et al, 2016;BARBIERI et al, 2016;DIAS et al, 2016;GALVIS et al, 2016;ROCHA et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2016;BAUMGARTEN et al, 2016). Furthermore, dairy cattle tend to be older than beef cattle and consequently, have a greater probability of exposure to the infectious agent (HUMBLET et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of infected herds in these units varied between 0.36%, in the Federal District (Brasília), and 9.0%, in São Paulo (BAHIENSE et al, 2016;BARBIERI et al, 2016;DIAS et al, 2016;GALVIS et al, 2016;GUEDES et al, 2016;NÉSPOLI et al, 2016;QUEIROZ et al, 2016;RIBEIRO et al, 2016;ROCHA et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2016;BAUMGARTEN et al, 2016;VENDRAME et al, 2016).…”

Section: Previous Studies Have Been Conducted In 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Lima

Nascimento²,

Almeida³

et al. 2016

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The epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis was studied in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and a predetermined number of properties was randomly sampled in each region. In each property, females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected and subjected to the cervical comparative tuberculin test. Altogether, 5,728 animals from 906 properties were tested. In the evaluated properties, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to identify risk factors related to bovine tuberculosis. The prevalence of infected herds and infected animals and in the state was 2.87% [1.82-4.50] and 0.62% [0.29-1.29], respectively. There was a predominance trend of infected herds in the properties located in the dry areas of Pernambuco, where most dairy properties are found. The risk factors related to the occurrence of positive herds were: presence of 18 or more cows in the herd, milking the cows two or three times a day, and sharing the grazing area. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Pernambuco is low, and the best strategy to be adopted is the implementation of a surveillance system for detection and sanitation of infected herds, preferably by incorporating risk-based surveillance strategies. In addition, the State should implement an effective sanitary program to enable producers to test their animals for bovine tuberculosis before inserting them into the herds, as well as avoid sharing the grazing areas with properties that are not free of bovine tuberculosis. ResumoA situação epidemiológica da tuberculose bovina foi estudada no estado de Pernambuco. O estado foi dividido em três regiões e em cada uma delas foi aleatoriamente amostrado um número pré-estabelecido de propriedades. Dentro de cada propriedade, fêmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses foram escolhidas aleatoriamente e submetidas ao teste Tuberculínico Cervical Comparativo. Ao todo foram testados 5.728 animais provenientes de 906 propriedades. Nas propriedades, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para identificar fatores de risco associados à tuberculose bovina. A prevalência de focos no estado foi de 2,87% [1,82; 4,50] e a de animais 0,62% [0,29; 1,29]. Houve tendência de concentração de focos na região do Agreste do estado, caracterizada pelo predomínio de propriedades de leite. Os fatores de risco associados à condição de foco foram ter 18 ou mais vacas no rebanho, ordenhar as vacas 2 ou 3 vezes ao dia e compartilhar pastagem. Concluindo, o estado tem baixa prevalência de tuberculose bovina e a melhor estratégia a ser adotada é a implementação de sistema de vigilância para detecção e saneamento dos focos, de preferência incorporando elementos de vigilância baseada em risco. Além disso, o estado deve realizar uma sólida ação de educação sanitária para que seus produtores passem a testar os animais para tuberculose bovina antes de introduzi-los em seus plantéis e deixem de compartilhar pastagem com propriedades que não sejam livres de tuberculose bovina. Palavras-chave...

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“…The extensive and systematic employment of milk pasteurization has significantly reduced the incidence of these diseases in the human population (SINHA, 1994). However, in countries such as Brazil, where these diseases are still currently widespread in herds (BRASIL, 2006a) and the consumption of dairy products prepared with raw milk persists (SOUSA, 2005; ROCHA et al, 2014), it is reasonable to accept the occurrence of human cases by this route of transmission, despite the lack of Brazilian epidemiological data corroborating this hypothesis.A recent study carried out in 13 Brazilian states, which hold 75% of the country cattle population, showed the prevalence of tuberculosis infected herds ranging from 0.36% in the Federal District to 9.0% in São Paulo (BAHIENSE et al, 2016;BARBIERI et al, 2016;DIAS et al, 2016b;GALVIS et al, 2016;GUEDES et al, 2016;LIMA et al, 2016;NÉSPOLI et al, 2016;QUEIROZ et al, 2016;RIBEIRO et al, 2016;ROCHA et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2016a;VELOSO et al, 2016;VENDRAME et al, 2016). In relation to bovine brucellosis, 18 Brazilian states were recently studied, comprising 85% of the country cattle population, and the prevalence ranged from 0.91% in Santa Catarina to 30.6% in Mato Grosso do Sul ALVES et al, 2009;ANZAI et al, 2016;BARDDAL et al, 2016;BAUMGARTEN et al, 2016; BORBA et al, 2013; CLEMENTINO et al., 2016;DIAS et al, 2009;DIAS et al, 2016a;INLAMEA et al, 2016;KLEIN-GUNNEWIEK et al, 2009;LEAL FILHO et al, 2016;OGATA et al, 2009;OLIVEIRA et al, 2016;ROCHA et al, 2009; SILVA et al, 2016b;SILVA et al, 2009).…”

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Decline in Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus populations during the maturation of experimentally contaminated parmesan-type cheese

Starikoff

Fontanesi

Maciel

et al. 2016

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Decline in Mycobacterium bovis AbstractBrazilian legislation allows the manufacture of raw milk cheese with a maturation exceeding 60 days at room temperature above 5°C, but there is a lack of solid scientific evidence on the efficacy of this maturation process in inactivating important pathogens that may be present in milk, such as Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus. Thus, the objectives of this study were to produce parmesantype cheese experimentally contaminated with M. bovis and B. abortus and evaluate the survival of these pathogens along 2-month maturation. Parmesan-type cheese was manufactured in the laboratory using whole pasteurized milk with or without inoculation with M. bovis (SB1033) or B. abortus (1119-3) and matured at 18°C for up to 63 days. M. bovis was inoculated in Stonebrink-Leslie medium supplemented with antibiotics and incubated at 37°C for 45 days, and B. abortus was incubated in Farrel medium at 36°C for 3 days. The average D 18°C value, weighted by variance, was 37.5 ± 5.3 days for M. bovis and 5.9 ± 0.7 days for B. abortus. The average physicochemical parameters in the cheese at the end of the study were as follows: pH = 4.89, water activity = 0.976, and moisture percentage = 43.1%. The pH might have contributed to the reduction in the population of B. abortus but seems not to have significantly influenced the population of M. bovis. We conclude that the duration of the maturation process influences the size of the surviving populations of M. bovis and B. abortus, and that the shortening of the maturation duration might not ensure a decline in pathogen levels to safe levels. Thus, complementary studies considering the effect of several other technological aspects on the survival of these pathogens are required, including the effect of the lactic acid bacterial population, salt content, and temperature of maturation. ResumoA legislação brasileira permite a fabricação queijos de leite cru com maturação superior a 60 dias em temperatura acima de 5°C, mas falta evidência científica sólida sobre a eficácia do processo de maturação na inativação de importantes patógenos que podem estar presentes no leite, como o Mycobacterium bovis e a Brucella abortus. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram produzir o queijo tipo parmesão experimentalmente contaminado com M. bovis e B. abortus e avaliar a sobrevivência desses patógenos ao longo de 2 meses de maturação. Queijo do tipo parmesão foi fabricado em laboratório com leite pasteurizado integral com ou sem inoculo de M. bovis (SB1033) ou B. abortus (1119-3) e maturado a 18°C por até 63 dias. M. bovis foi semeado em meio Stonebrink-Leslie, acrescido de antibióticos, e incubado a 37°C por 45 dias e a B. abortus foi semeada em meio Farrel a 36°C por 3 dias. O valor D 18°C médio, ponderado pela variância, foi de 37,5 ± 5,3 dias para o M. bovis e de 5,9 ± 0,7 dias para a B. abortus. Os parâmetros físico-químicos médios do queijo no final do estudo foram como se segue: pH = 4,89, atividade de água = 0,976 e umidade percentual = 43,1%. O pH pode ter ...

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Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District of Brazil

Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District of Brazil

Epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Decline in Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus populations during the maturation of experimentally contaminated parmesan-type cheese

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