Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Niger

Amza, Abdou; Beidou, Nassirou; Kadri, Boubacar; Moussa, Fati; Muñoz, Beatriz; Opong, Emmanuel; West, Sheila K.

doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.099507

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consistent with other studies, we found that the number of children living in the household aged 1–9 years was strongly associated with TF[24,25], the odds increasing with each additional child. Trachoma is thought to be spread through close contact, via exposure to infected ocular or nasal secretions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Integrated Mapping of Yaws and Trachoma in the Five Northern-Most Provinces of Vanuatu

et al. 2017

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Yaws and trachoma are targeted for eradication and elimination as public health problems. In trachoma-endemic populations mass administration of azithromycin can simultaneously treat yaws. We conducted a population-based prevalence survey in the five northernmost provinces of Vanuatu, where trachoma and yaws are suspected to be co-endemic. Clinical signs of trachoma were evaluated using the WHO simplified grading system, and skin examination with a serological rapid diagnostic test used to identify yaws. We enrolled 1004 households in 59 villages over 16 islands, and examined 3650 individuals of all ages for trachoma. The overall adjusted prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in 1–9 year-olds was 12.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 8.1–16.7%), and the overall adjusted prevalence of TT in those aged 15 years and greater was 0.04% (95% CI 0–0.14%). In multivariate analysis, the odds of children having TF was 2.6 (95% CI = 1.5–4.4) times higher in households with unimproved latrines, and independently associated with the number of children in the household (OR 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0–1.6 for each additional child). We examined the skin of 821 children aged 5–14 years. Two children had yaws, giving an estimated prevalence of active yaws in those aged 5–14 years of 0.2% (95% CI = 0.03–0.9%). Mass treatment with azithromycin is recommended in these provinces. Given the apparent low burden of yaws, integration of yaws and trachoma control programmes is likely to be useful and cost-effective to national programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Integrated Mapping of Yaws and Trachoma in the Five Northern-Most Provinces of Vanuatu

et al. 2017

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“…Prevalence of active trachoma is known to strongly vary with age [6], [8], [13], [27]–[30], peaking in pre-school children, as shown in our study. Presence of flies has long been associated with risk of active trachoma [31]–[34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Active Trachoma among Children in Mali: Clustering and Environmental Risk Factors

et al. 2010

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BackgroundActive trachoma is not uniformly distributed in endemic areas, and local environmental factors influencing its prevalence are not yet adequately understood. Determining whether clustering is a consistent phenomenon may help predict likely modes of transmission and help to determine the appropriate level at which to target control interventions. The aims of this study were, therefore, to disentangle the relative importance of clustering at different levels and to assess the respective role of individual, socio-demographic, and environmental factors on active trachoma prevalence among children in Mali.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used anonymous data collected during the Mali national trachoma survey (1996–1997) at different levels of the traditional social structure (14,627 children under 10 years of age, 6,251 caretakers, 2,269 households, 203 villages). Besides field-collected data, environmental variables were retrieved later from various databases at the village level. Bayesian hierarchical logistic models were fit to these prevalence and exposure data. Clustering revealed significant results at four hierarchical levels. The higher proportion of the variation in the occurrence of active trachoma was attributable to the village level (36.7%), followed by household (25.3%), and child (24.7%) levels. Beyond some well-established individual risk factors (age between 3 and 5, dirty face, and flies on the face), we showed that caretaker-level (wiping after body washing), household-level (common ownership of radio, and motorbike), and village-level (presence of a women's association, average monthly maximal temperature and sunshine fraction, average annual mean temperature, presence of rainy days) features were associated with reduced active trachoma prevalence.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study clearly indicates the importance of directing control efforts both at children with active trachoma as well as those with close contact, and at communities. The results support facial cleanliness and environmental improvements (the SAFE strategy) as population-health initiatives to combat blinding trachoma.

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“…This is similar to findings in Yobe State and the Niger Republic, 11,14 but lower than those from Sokoto State, 21 the Sudan 20 and Ethiopia. 22 However, the prevalence in our study was higher than in neighboring Katsina 12 and Kano States.…”

Section: Trachoma In Children Aged 1-9 Yearssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The above prevalences were chosen based on reported prevalences in neighboring Niger Republic 14 and Katsina State, 12 which reported prevalences of active trachoma between 11% and 28% in children and trichiasis prevalences between 3% and 6% in adults.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria

Ramyil

Wade

Ogoshi³

et al. 2015

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Niger

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Integrated Mapping of Yaws and Trachoma in the Five Northern-Most Provinces of Vanuatu

Integrated Mapping of Yaws and Trachoma in the Five Northern-Most Provinces of Vanuatu

Active Trachoma among Children in Mali: Clustering and Environmental Risk Factors

Prevalence of Trachoma in Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria

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