Prevalence of Trachoma in Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) and trichiasis in each of the 20 local government areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methods: We undertook a population-based prevalence survey in each LGA in Bauchi State, employing the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 2-stage, systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy. Using probability proportional to size, we selected 25 clusters, in each of which 25 households were selected by random walk. All residents of selected households 1 year and older were examined for TF, trachomatous inflammation – intense, and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Results: Only two LGAs in Bauchi State had TF prevalences in 1–9-year-olds over 5%, with none having TF prevalences of 10% or greater. Only one LGA had a trichiasis prevalence in adults below the elimination threshold; all the others had trichiasis at levels suggestive of public health significance. In all 20 LGAs, more than 60% of households were within 1 km of an improved source of water for hygiene. Conclusion: Efforts need to be made in Bauchi State to provide trichiasis surgery in order to avert trachomatous blindness. Water supplies needs to be sustained and good personal hygiene practices assured so that elimination of trachoma as a public health problem will be achieved and sustained.

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“…Surveys in neighboring Jigawa and Yobe States have indicated that trachoma is a public health problem in contiguous populations. 6,7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Mpyet

Muhammad

Adamu

et al. 2016

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…That is good news for Kwara and its people. Kogi State, which borders Kwara to the east, also enjoys prevalence of trachoma below those felt to represent a public health problem, 38 reinforcing the impression that deployment of the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination may be required in the northern half of Nigeria, 24,25,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] but not the southern half. Further trachoma mapping in Kwara State is not presently indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in Kwara state, Nigeria: Results of eight population-based surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Alada

Mpyet

Florea

et al. 2018

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-size sampling; 25 households were selected from each village using compact segment sampling. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMPcertified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the simplified trachoma grading scheme. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) data were also collected. Results: A total of 28,506 residents were enumerated in 4769 households across the eight LGAs. TF prevalence in children aged 1-9 years ranged from 0.2% (95% CI 0.0-0.3%) to 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-2.1%), while trichiasis prevalence in persons ≥15 years was <0.2% in each LGA. Access to improved water source was the lowest in Edu (62%), while access to improved sanitation facilities was the lowest in Asa (6%) and the highest in Ilorin East (64%). Children aged 1-4 years had 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.99) times lower odds of having TF compared to children aged 5-9 years. Children in households with ≥5 resident 1-9-year-old children had 1.63 (95% CI 1.02-2.60) times greater odds of having TF compared to those in households with <5 resident children. Conclusion: Trachoma is not a public health problem in Kwara State. Provision of adequate water and sanitation services should be a priority here, as a foundation for the health of the population.

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“…Nigeria has a high trachoma burden. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Kogi State, located in central Nigeria, has a population of 3.3 million people 27 and had not previously been formally surveyed for the disease. To its north, Kogi borders currently or previously trachoma-endemic districts (Local Government Areas, LGAs) of Nasarawa 16 and Niger 24 States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Kogi State, Nigeria: Results of four Local Government Area-Level Surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Alada

Mpyet

Florea

et al. 2018

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: In June 2014, we conducted population-based, cross-sectional surveys according to Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols in selected LGAs of Kogi State. In each LGA, 25 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size. In each of these clusters, 25 households were enrolled for the survey. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the simplified trachoma grading scheme. Data on sources of household water and types of sanitation facilities were collected through questioning and direct observation. Results: The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds ranged from 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-0.8%) in Bassa to 1.0% (95% CI 0.3-1.9%) in Omala. Across all four LGAs, only one case of trichiasis was found; this individual was in Omala, giving that LGA a trichiasis prevalence in individuals aged ≥15 years of 0.02% (95% CI 0.00-0.07%). Between 77 and 88% of households had access to water for hygiene purposes, while only 10-30% had access to improved sanitation facilities. Conclusion: Trachoma is not a public health problem in any of the 4 LGAs surveyed. There is, however, the need to increase access to adequate water and sanitation services to contribute to the health and social and economic well-being of these communities.

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Prevalence of Trachoma in Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in Kwara state, Nigeria: Results of eight population-based surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Prevalence of Trachoma in Kogi State, Nigeria: Results of four Local Government Area-Level Surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

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