Prevalence and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Italy

Bortolotti, Angela; Bernardini, Bruno; Colli, Enrico; Benedetto, Paolo Di; Nacci, Gianfranco Giocoli; Landoni, M; Lavezzari, M; Pagliarulo, Arcangelo; Salvatore, Stefano; Heland, Magnus Von; Parazzini, Fabio; Artibani, Walter

doi:10.1159/000020096

Cited by 128 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Parity may act in different ways on the risk of various types of urinary incontinence. In an epidemiological study in Italy, vaginal birth increased the risk of stress incontinence (OR 3.8 vs nulliparae) but not of urge incontinence 11 . The present study confirms this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…To account simultaneously for the reciprocal potential confounding effect of several factors potentially associated with the risk of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, we used unconditional multiple logistic regression with maximum likelihood fitting 10 . Included in the regression equations were terms recognised to be potential risk factors for urinary incontinence: age, education, BMI, obstetric history and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use 11 . Multivariate ORs estimates were largely similar to the age-adjusted ones; the latter are presented in tables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

Parazzini¹

2003

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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on behalf of VIVA Study Group A list of VIVA members is provided on page 932Objective To assess risk factors for different type of urinary incontinence -stress, urge or mixed -and overactive bladder without urinary incontinence. Design Case -control study. Setting Gynaecology clinics.Population Women attending first level gynaecological centres.Methods Cases were 1062 women with urinary incontinence or overactive bladder aged 40 years or more (mean age 62.3 years, range 40 -88) consecutively observed in first level gynaecological centres. Controls were 1143 women (mean age 58 years, range 40-86) observed in the same centre after the identification of the cases, without any symptoms related to urinary incontinence or overactive bladder. Main outcome measures Determinants of different types of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder.Results The risk of urinary incontinence was lower in more educated patients and increased with body mass index (BMI). The number of vaginal births was associated with the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence, but not urge urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. In comparison with nulliparae, the odds ratios (OR) for stress and mixed urinary incontinence were 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-15.0) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 -2.6), respectively, for women reporting one or two vaginal birth and 5.1 (95% CI 1.8 -14.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 -3.7), respectively, for three or more. A history of operative vaginal delivery was directly associated with the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence and increased the risk of urge urinary incontinence and of overactive bladder, but the latter ORs were not statistically significant. When compared with women with no birth, a history of caesarean section increased the risk of stress urinary incontinence. A history of hysterectomy, recurrent urinary infection and perineal trauma increased the risk of all types of urinary incontinence. Conclusions Vaginal births increased the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence, but not of urge urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. The risk of all types of urinary incontinence was increased in women with higher BMI, with a history of hysterectomy, urinary infection and perineal traumas. These factors were not related to the risk of overactive bladder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

Parazzini¹

2003

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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“…A number of crosssectional studies have also found a significant association between BMI and incontinence, but have not distinguished between symptoms of stress or urge incontinence. 12,13,16,17 Although BMI has been most closely linked with stress incontinence, only a handful of studies have shown an association with urge incontinence in women. 8,15,35 In this study, the raised risk of urge incontinence was only restricted to women who were obese at the age 36 and 43 years and was considerably attenuated in the fully adjusted model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 It was the first prospective study to show that childhood enuresis was associated with urge incontinence at 48 years of age (regular bedwetters at age 6 years had twice the risk) than the remaining sample. 11 Studies that have identified a relationship between higher body weight in midlife and incontinence have been either cross-sectional [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] or short-term studies. [19][20][21][22] Obesity, particularly in the abdominal area, may cause incontinence through increased intra-abdominal pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight through adult life and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged women: results from a British prospective cohort

et al. 2008

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Objectives: To determine whether the onset and duration of being overweight or obese are associated with symptoms of urinary incontinence. Design: Nationally representative cohort study. Subjects: A total of 1201 women followed-up since their birth in 1946 and annually from 48 to 54 years. Measurements: The body mass index (BMI) at the age of 20, 26, 36 and 43, and symptoms of stress, urge and severe incontinence at seven consecutive years from age 48 to 54. Results: In each year from age 48 to 54, almost half (46-49%) reported symptoms of stress incontinence, urge incontinence rose from 22 to 25% and severe incontinence from 8 to 11%. At the age of 20, 26, 36 and 43, BMI was positively associated with stress symptoms and severe incontinence in midlife. BMI transition was found to have accumulation effects on symptoms of severe incontinence; women who were overweight/obese since age 20 years were more likely to report severe incontinence than women whose BMI remained below 25 kg/m 2 (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.30 (1.36-3.93)) or who became overweight or obese at 43 years (1.85 (0.97-3.51)). These relationships existed beyond the effects of aging, childhood enuresis, kidney infection, childbirth characteristics, menopause, educational attainment, general practitioner consultations and smoking status. BMI was not associated with symptoms of urge incontinence. Conclusions: Across adult life, higher BMI for women was linked with subsequent symptoms of stress and severe incontinence in midlife; those who were overweight or obese since early in adult life more than doubled their risk of severe incontinence. Women, and especially young women, should be encouraged to keep their weight in a normal range throughout adult life.

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“…14 A incontinência urinária de esforço é a forma mais comum de queixa urinária entre as mulheres, seguida pela urge-incontinência, particularmente no período perimenopausal. 1,2,9 MÉTODOS O estudo realizado foi descritivo e exploratório de corte transversal, tipo inquérito populacional domiciliar. Para o cálculo do tamanho amostral, considerou-se uma proporção populacional de mulheres com sintomatologia geral do climatério de 60%, 16 com diferença máxima desejada entre a proporção amostral e populacional de 5% e erro tipo I (alfa) de 0,05.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Incontinência urinária entre mulheres climatéricas brasileiras: inquérito domiciliar

Guarisi

Neto

Osis³

et al. 2001

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Resumo ObjetivosPor inquérito populacional domiciliar, investigar a prevalência de incontinência urinária de esforço e os fatores a ela associados em mulheres climatéricas. Métodos Realizou-se análise secundária de dados de um inquérito populacional domiciliar sobre o climatério e a menopausa em mulheres do município de Campinas, SP, Brasil. Foram selecionadas, por meio de estudo descritivo e exploratório de corte transversal, por processo de amostragem, 456 mulheres, na faixa etária de 45 a 60 anos de idade. Exploraram-se a queixa de incontinência urinária e os fatores de risco possivelmente relacionados -idade, estrato socioeconômico, escolaridade, cor, paridade, tabagismo, índice de massa corpórea, cirurgias ginecológicas anteriores, estado menopausal e uso de terapia de reposição hormonal. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas domiciliares, com questionários estruturados e pré-testados, adaptados pelos autores e fornecidos pela Fundação Internacional de Saúde, pela Sociedade Internacional de Menopausa e pela Sociedade NorteAmericana de Menopausa. A análise dos dados foi realizada por razão de prevalência (IC 95%). Resultados Das mulheres entrevistadas, 35% referiram perda urinária aos esforços. Nenhum dos fatores sociodemográficos estudados se mostrou associado ao risco de incontinência urinária. Também a paridade não alterou significativamente esse risco. Outros fatores como cirurgias ginecológicas anteriores, índice de massa corpórea e tabagismo não se mostraram associados à prevalência de incontinência urinária. O estado menopausal e o uso de terapia de reposição hormonal não modificaram o risco de incontinência urinária de esforço. Conclusão Apesar de a prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres climatéricas ter sido alta, não se mostrou associada aos fatores socioeconômicos e reprodutivos abordados.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Italy

Cited by 128 publications

References 25 publications

Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

Body weight through adult life and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged women: results from a British prospective cohort

Incontinência urinária entre mulheres climatéricas brasileiras: inquérito domiciliar

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