Prevalence and Protein Specificity of Human Antibodies to Inkoo Virus Infection

Putkuri, Niina; Vaheri, Antti; Vapalahti, Olli

doi:10.1128/cvi.00288-07

Cited by 20 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…INKV is known to circulate in northern Europe and Russia. 5 – 9 It has been isolated from Ochlerotatus communis mosquitoes in Finland, Sweden, and Russia, and from Ochlerotatus hexodontus and Ochlerotatus punctor in Russia. 10 – 12 Disease associated with INKV infection has not been extensively investigated, but in Russia, the virus has been found to be associated with seasonal fevers (May–September) and infection of the brain (aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis) and even chronic neurological infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Inkoo Virus in Northern Sweden

Evander¹,

Putkuri

Eliasson³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The mosquito-borne Inkoo virus (INKV) is a member of the California serogroup in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. These viruses are associated with fever and encephalitis, although INKV infections are not usually reported and the incidence is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-INKV antibodies and associated risk factors in humans living in northern Sweden. Seroprevalence was investigated using the World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease study, where a randomly selected population aged between 25 and 74 years (N = 1,607) was invited to participate. The presence of anti-INKV IgG antibodies was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Seropositivity for anti-INKV was significantly higher in men (46.9%) than in women (34.8%; P < 0.001). In women, but not in men, the prevalence increased somewhat with age (P = 0.06). The peak in seropositivity was 45–54 years for men and 55–64 years for women. Living in rural areas was associated with a higher seroprevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-INKV antibodies was high in northern Sweden and was associated with male sex, older age, and rural living. The age distribution indicates exposure to INKV at a relatively early age. These findings will be important for future epidemiological and clinical investigations of this relatively unknown mosquito-borne virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 – 15 Recently, in a study from Finland, acute INKV infection was diagnosed in patients with febrile illness. 9 The frequency of clinical INKV infection is unknown. However, in Finland, the proportion of the population with anti-INKV IgG antibodies is high: 51% of those tested had anti-INKV IgG antibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Inkoo Virus in Northern Sweden

Evander¹,

Putkuri

Eliasson³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…This is consistent with the view that TAHV is widespread in Europe, 30 Russia, 31 Africa, [32][33][34][35] and Asia (southern Siberia and the Far East, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan, and China), 30,[36][37][38] whereas INKV and CHATV may be restricted to northern Europe and Asia. 2,30,39 In the endemic region of Europe, approximately 5% of the general population are seropositive for TAHV, 40 and very high frequency (60-80%) of neutralizing antibodies have been reported in elderly persons in the endemic foci. 30 In this study, we detected eight TAHV seropositive individuals (2% of the study population) in southern Iraq, suggesting that the virus also circulates in the Middle East region, even though the human exposure to this virus may be lower than in the central Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence and Seroprevalence of Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Nasiriyah Governorate, Southern Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Barakat¹,

Smura²,

Kuivanen³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The knowledge on the presence and seroprevalence of arboviruses in Iraq is fragmental. To assess the exposure of the population to arbovirus infections in southern Iraq, we conducted a serological screening of the most common arbovirus groups using immunofluorescence, hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests. Serum samples of 399 adult volunteers were collected in Nasiriyah, Iraq. Antibodies were detected against West Nile virus (WNV) (11.6%), sandfly-borne Sicilian virus serocomplex (18.2%), sandfly-borne Naples virus serocomplex (7.8%), Sindbis virus (1.5%), chikungunya virus (0.5%), and Tahyna virus (2.0%). The results suggest that WNV and sandfly-borne phlebovirus infections are common in southern Iraq, and these viruses should be considered as potential causative agents in patients with febrile disease and/or neurological manifestations.

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“…However, in severe cases, it may cause a neuroinvasive disease that manifest in a form of encephalitis [5, 13]. The sero-prevalence of INKV is high among human populations in endemic areas of Finland (51%) and Sweden (41%) [14, 15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito-borne Inkoo virus in northern Sweden - isolation and whole genome sequencing

Lwande

Bucht

Ahlm

et al. 2017

Virol J

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BackgroundInkoo virus (INKV) is a less known mosquito-borne virus belonging to Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, California serogroup. Studies indicate that INKV infection is mainly asymptomatic, but can cause mild encephalitis in humans. In northern Europe, the sero-prevalence against INKV is high, 41% in Sweden and 51% in Finland. Previously, INKV RNA has been detected in adult Aedes (Ae.) communis, Ae. hexodontus and Ae. punctor mosquitoes and Ae. communis larvae, but there are still gaps of knowledge regarding mosquito vectors and genetic diversity. Therefore, we aimed to determine the occurrence of INKV in its mosquito vector and characterize the isolates.MethodsAbout 125,000 mosquitoes were collected during a mosquito-borne virus surveillance in northern Sweden during the summer period of 2015. Of these, 10,000 mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation and detection using cell culture and RT-PCR. Virus isolates were further characterized by whole genome sequencing. Genetic typing of mosquito species was conducted by cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification and sequencing (genetic barcoding).ResultsSeveral Ae. communis mosquitoes were found positive for INKV RNA and two isolates were obtained. The first complete sequences of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments of INKV in Sweden were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the INKV genome was most closely related to other INKV isolates from Sweden and Finland. Of the three INKV genome segments, the INKV M segment had the highest frequency of non-synonymous mutations. The overall G/C-content of INKV genes was low for the N/NSs genes (43.8–45.5%), polyprotein (Gn/Gc/NSm) gene (35.6%) and the RNA polymerase gene (33.8%) This may be due to the fact that INKV in most instances utilized A or T in the third codon position.ConclusionsINKV is frequently circulating in northern Sweden and Ae. communis is the key vector. The high mutation rate of the INKV M segment may have consequences on virulenceElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0725-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Prevalence and Protein Specificity of Human Antibodies to Inkoo Virus Infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Inkoo Virus in Northern Sweden

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Inkoo Virus in Northern Sweden

The Presence and Seroprevalence of Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Nasiriyah Governorate, Southern Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mosquito-borne Inkoo virus in northern Sweden - isolation and whole genome sequencing

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