Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Upper Egypt: A multicenter primary health care study

Ahmed, Gellan K.; Elbeh, Khaled; Shams, Randa M; Malek, Maram Ali Abdel; Ibrahim, Ahmed K.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.046

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Regarding age, our study found no significant difference between PPD and non-PPD mothers with regard to age. In agreement with our study [ 12 , 34 , 35 ], other studies [ 36 – 38 ] found an inverse association between women’s age and PPD, with an increased risk of PPD (increases EPDS scores) at a younger age significantly, as teenage mothers, being primiparous, encounter difficulty during the postpartum period due to their inability to cope with financial and emotional difficulties, as well as the challenge of motherhood. Cultural factors and social perspectives of young mothers in different countries could be a reason for this difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Exploring predictors and prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers: Multinational study

Amer,

Zaitoun,

Abdelsalam

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Postpartum depression (PPD) affects around 10% of women, or 1 in 7 women, after giving birth. Undiagnosed PPD was observed among 50% of mothers. PPD has an unfavorable relationship with women’s functioning, marital and personal relationships, the quality of the mother-infant connection, and the social, behavioral, and cognitive development of children. We aim to determine the frequency of PPD and explore associated determinants or predictors (demographic, obstetric, infant-related, and psychosocial factors) and coping strategies from June to August 2023 in six countries. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study included a total of 674 mothers who visited primary health care centers (PHCs) in Egypt, Yemen, Iraq, India, Ghana, and Syria. They were asked to complete self-administered assessments using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The data underwent logistic regression analysis using SPSS-IBM 27 to list potential factors that could predict PPD. Results The overall frequency of PPD in the total sample was 92(13.6%). It ranged from 2.3% in Syria to 26% in Ghana. Only 42 (6.2%) were diagnosed. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed there were significant predictors of PPD. These factors included having unhealthy baby adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 11.685, 95% CI: 1.405–97.139, p = 0.023), having a precious baby (aOR 7.717, 95% CI: 1.822–32.689, p = 0.006), who don’t receive support (aOR 9.784, 95% CI: 5.373–17.816, p = 0.001), and those who are suffering from PPD. However, being married and comfortable discussing mental health with family relatives are significant protective factors (aOR = 0.141 (95% CI: 0.04–0.494; p = 0.002) and (aOR = 0.369, 95% CI: 0.146–0.933, p = 0.035), respectively. Conclusion The frequency of PPD among the mothers varied significantly across different countries. PPD has many protective and potential factors. We recommend further research and screenings of PPD for all mothers to promote the well-being of the mothers and create a favorable environment for the newborn and all family members.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Regarding the mother’s education, in agreement with our study, Ahmed et al [ 34 ] showed that there was no statistically significant difference between PPD and a mother’s education. While Agarwala et al [ 29 ] showed that a higher level of mother’s education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Exploring predictors and prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers: Multinational study

Amer,

Zaitoun,

Abdelsalam

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…14 An Egyptian research with 33.5% of PPD prevalence has also mentioned the linkage between onset of the postpartum depression and previous depression history. 15 This suggests that postpartum depression is strongly linked to previous episodes of depression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Determinants of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Living in Karachi

Shahid¹,

Javaid²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

J. Bahria Uni. Med. Dent. Coll.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of Postpartum Depression (PPD) among mothers living in Karachi and to find out the determinants of predispose mothers to Postpartum Depression. Study Design and Setting: The study was cross sectional analytical and was carried by online survey of mothers living in Karachi Methodology: Total duration was six months from 1st January, 2020 to 31st July, 2020. The calculated sample size of study was 369. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Bahria University Health Sciences Campus, Karachi. Random sampling technique was used to recruit subjects. 294 participants were part of the research. Mothers with previous history of depression and those who had given birth to healthy babies were included in the study. Mothers who have had miscarriage or pre-mature babies were excluded. Questionnaires in both English and Urdu languages were used for the research. PPD was assessed by the help of Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). The score of greater than 12 was considered to be indicative of PPD. Results: A total of 294 mothers were enrolled in the study, 187 mothers had an EPDS score >12 giving prevalence of PPD as 63.6%. This study showed that mothers with PPD were more likely not to breastfeed their child (p=0.01), had lack of family support (p=0.00) and had previous history of depression as well (p=0.00). Conclusion: The present study concluded that frequency of postpartum depression was 63.6%. Lack of breastfeeding, previous history of depression and lack of family support were among the determinants that predispose mothers to postpartum depression.

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“…Consistent with the present results, Lopez et al [5] and Upadhyaya et al in India [3] also found that that PP was more common in the 18-25 years age group. This is probably because pregnancy is more stressful for younger women who are usually not as psychologically prepared as the older ones for it [26,27] that mothers at the age of 35 years or older were at a higher risk of PP [28,29]. This finding, which is contrary to ours, may be attributed to the higher incidence of medical complications of pregnancy and delivery that is recorded among older mothers than among younger ones; for example, the higher rates of cesarean delivery and preterm birth that may be associated with a slightly increased risk of PP [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors-related first episode postpartum psychosis among Egyptian women: the role of psychosocial and the biological factors

Khedr

Ramadan

Osman

et al. 2023

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background The risks associated with postpartum psychosis (PP) are poorly recognized in Egyptian women. We aimed to study the role of sociodemographic, psychosocial, obstetric, and biological factors in the occurrence of PP within 4 weeks after delivery in a sample of Egyptian women. We included 60 women with PP and 30 postpartum women without psychosis. All participants underwent a full medical assessment and psychiatric assessment using the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and hormonal assessment (including estrogen levels and thyroid function tests) were performed for each woman. Results The mean age of pregnancy of women with PP was significantly younger than that of controls (19.2 ± 2.04 years versus 24.37 ± 4.92 years). PP was significantly more common among primipara (73.3%), women who underwent cesarean sections (58.3%) and had thyroid dysfunction. The rates of low birth weight, and premature delivery were significantly higher among women with PP than among those without PP. The mean time-lapse from parturition to the onset of PP symptoms was 6.11 ± 1.62 days. Sleep disturbance, and irritability symptoms were the earliest symptoms of PP in our study. Plasma estrogen levels were significantly correlated with the total BPRS scores in patients with PP (P = 0.001). Conclusions Young age, primiparity, low birth weight, cesarean delivery, a rapid drop in the estrogen level and thyroid dysfunction all could contribute to the occurrence of PP.

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Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Upper Egypt: A multicenter primary health care study

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Exploring predictors and prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers: Multinational study

Exploring predictors and prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers: Multinational study

Frequency and Determinants of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Living in Karachi

Risk factors-related first episode postpartum psychosis among Egyptian women: the role of psychosocial and the biological factors

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