doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910 How to cite this:Usmani A, Imran M, Javaid Q. Usage of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in medical studies. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):777-779. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5910
Objectives: To determine the impact of online mentoring sessions on the students during the pandemic time. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi. The total study duration was 5 months from March 2021 to July 2021. Quantitative research design was used. Categorical data was scored on a three point Likert scale (1= ‘Disagree’, 2= ‘Neutral’ and 3= ‘Agree’). Frequencies and percentages were calculated to determine the impact of online mentoring. Results: Sixty two percent of 2nd year MBBS students were of the opinion that online mentoring was helpful as compared to 58% 1st year and 50% 3rd year students. Students were anxious while sharing their issues online. A total of 61.66% were eager to have classes on campus as compared to online as learning difficulties were felt in 70%, 77% and 81% of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year classes respectively. Of the 1st year 39%, 2nd year 46% and 3rd year 32% showed relief after the mentoring session but were in favor of face to face sessions. Technical issues were faced by 54% 1st year, 66% 2nd year and 64% 3rd year students. Conclusion: The study suggested that students were overall satisfied with the online mentoring sessions. They do have certain apprehensions like privacy and confidentiality issues but on the whole, they considered this medium as being a powerful one in times of the pandemic. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5833 How to cite this:Usmani A, Imran M, Javaid Q, Tariq J. Online mentoring of medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: Another new normal. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5833 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Blood to the arm is mainly supplied by the brachial artery, which arises at the termination point of the axillary artery at the level of inferior margin of the teres major muscle. The artery ends by dividing into two terminal branches: radial and ulnar. The bifurcation normally takes place at the cubital fossa or around a finger’s width below elbow at the level of the neck of the radius bone. For the current narrative review, literature published from 2016 to 2022 was searched on PubMed, Google and Google Scholar databases. Across the globe, variation in terminal branching pattern of the brachial artery was observed. In most cadavers, higher termination was observed in the right upper limb. The variability can have adverse effects on the diagnostic, therapeutic and interventional procedures. ---Continue
Objective: To determine morphology and variation in dimensions of frontal air sinuses in male and female genders living in Karachi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study and was conducted at Radiology Department, JPMC. Methodology: The total number of study participants were 216. The research subjects were divided into two equal groups of males and females each having 108 members. The mean age of the participants was calculated to be 35.14 ± 8.68 years. The study subjects were recruited from Radiology Department, JPMC, Karachi. After taking written informed consent, Water’s (occipito-mental) view radiography was done to measure the parameters of height, width and area of the frontal air sinuses. The included variables were the demographic data and the physical examination to exclude facial anomalies. All the measurements were recorded and the measurements were saved by the help of Radiant DICOM digital software. Results: The parameters of height, width and the area of frontal sinuses showed highly significant variability on both the right and the left sides. All the dimensions were highly significantly greater in the males as compared to the female study participants (p=0.000). The Independent-Samples T Test was applied to compare the two gender groups. Conclusion: The parameters of height, width and area of frontal sinuses were greater in the males as compared to the females on both the left and the right sides
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