Prevalence and predictors of female genital mutilation among infants in a semi urban community in northern Nigeria

Ashimi, Adewale; Amole, Taiwo G.; Iliyasu, Zubairu

doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2015.05.005

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported by different studies in South Ethiopia (31), and Ghana (32). It is evidenced that more educated women can save their daughters form circumcision (38). Mostly, women circumcised their children to get social acceptance and marriage prospects which might be related to the women's self-autonomy that would mean more educated women had better decisionmaking ability (39).…”

Section: Determinant Factors Of Female Genital Mutilation In Ethiopiasupporting

confidence: 79%

“…With regard to occupation, women who are not currently working had 29 %( AOR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.92) less odds of having FGM as compared to their counterpart. A number of studies, however, have reported that women who have occupation/are working had lesser odds of practicing FGM than those who have no occupation (27,33,34). To best of our knowledge, there is no clear justi cation for this nding.…”

Section: Determinant Factors Of Female Genital Mutilation In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

Muluneh

Kassa

Merid

2020

Preprint

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Background: Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Every year, more than 3 million females undergo FGM and most of them are in Africa. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for the FGM interview. The data were weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS Excel and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis were done using STATA 14. Since the data has significant clustering with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC=0.61(0.56, 0.65)], a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinant of FGM. Result: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.48, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions, Dire-Dawa, and Harari. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), Muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation.Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas found:in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions, Dire-Dawa and Harari administrative. Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation

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Section: Determinant Factors Of Female Genital Mutilation In Ethiopiasupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Determinant Factors Of Female Genital Mutilation In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 90%

Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

Muluneh

Kassa

Merid

2020

Preprint

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“…The dependent variable was a binary response of whether or not a mother has one or more cut daughter(s). The key independent variable of interest was the FGC frequency in the mother's ethnic group, controlling for the mother's own FGC status as well as a range of maternal variables that have been found in previous studies to be significantly associated with the likelihood of a daughter being cut namely the mother's age, wealth, education and religion [39][40][41] . …”

Section: Data and Methods (See Extended Methods Below For Further Detail)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent female genital cutting behaviour confers evolutionary fitness benefits

Howard

Gibson

2017

Nat Ecol Evol

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“…In 1999, Abia, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Ogun, Osun and Rivers states passed a law against FGM. The constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1999, was the foundation for the prohibition of FGM in Nigeria [21][22][23][24]. It states that "every individual is entitled to respect for the dignity of his person and accordingly, no person shall be subject to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Factors Influence the Persistence of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria ? A Systematic Review

Chidera¹

2018

J Trop Dis

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Background: Female Genital Mutilation is the excision of any part of the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 200 million girls and women have been mutilated around the world. This practise is strongly tied to different cultural traditions. FGM has called for international recognition due to its violation of human rights. Over the past decades, there have been deliberations by researchers concerning the practice of FGM. Some have tried to understand the perception behind the practise of FGM from a Cultural Relativism aspect while others perceive it from an Ethical Relativism perspective. The Nigeria Demographic Health Survey, estimated that the prevalence rate of FGM was 24.8% in 2013. Despite the interventions in place, there is still a persistence of FGM in Nigeria. Objectives: 1) To Identify various contextual factors attributing to the persistence of FGM in Nigeria. 2) To recognise how these factors affect the Anti-FGM interventions in Nigeria. 3) To examine the attitudes and perception of the victims and other Nigerians towards FGM.Review methodology: A Systematic Review was used to carry out this research. It was used because of its ability to include both quantitative and qualitative studies, and due to its hierarchy of evidence. A narrative analysis was equally used to describe the studies which were included in this review. Results:Three studies had similar findings concerning the practice of FGM in Nigeria which includes traditions, easing of childbirth and better marriage prospect, while 3 other studies concluded that FGM prevents sexual promiscuity. On the other hand, the remaining 3 studies had a different findings which was either religion, lack of awareness of the bans towards FGM and the sociodemographic and economic factors. Conclusion:The ban that has been placed against FGM is just one aspect pointing Nigeria towards the right direction, however, Interventions need to be established which should include the local community and their leaders to effect a change. More primary research needs to be conducted in various states in Nigeria to understand the impact and progress of this law. Innovative ways of engaging a greater proportion of the affected population are also necessary.Some cultural anthropologist had tried to understand FGM from the perspective of cultural relativism, however, others have tried to understand from the ethical relativism perspective. From the cultural relativism point of view, FGM is a deep rooted, traditional practice whereas, from an ethical relativism, it identifies the concept of right or J o u rnal of C o a s ta l Zon e M a n a gemen t

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Prevalence and predictors of female genital mutilation among infants in a semi urban community in northern Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

Frequency-dependent female genital cutting behaviour confers evolutionary fitness benefits

What Factors Influence the Persistence of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria ? A Systematic Review

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