Prevalence and predictors of anemia among children under 5 years of age in Arusha District, Tanzania

Kejo, Dyness; Petrucka, Pammla; Martin, Haikel; Kimanya, Martin; Mosha, Theobald C.E.

doi:10.2147/phmt.s148515

Cited by 93 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Anaemia was strongly negatively associated with FVS and the odds of anaemia in children who consumed more than two food items were 97% less than in children consuming one or two food items. Similarly to our study, a previous study on predictors of anaemia in Tanzanian children <5 years of age found that nonconsumption of meat, fruits, and vegetables is significantly associated with anaemia, indicating that a more divers diet is beneficial for Hb levels (Kejo, Petrucka, Martin, Kimanya, & Mosha, ). Our measurement of RBP indicates that 30% of the children in the ESRS are vitamin A deficient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutritional status and intestinal parasites among young children from pastoralist communities of the Ethiopian Somali region

Osman

Zinsstag

Tschopp

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Pastoralist children in the Ethiopian Somali Regional State (ESRS) are at high risk for undernutrition and intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). We assessed the nutritional status and its association with IPIs in 500 children <5 years of age in a clustered cross‐sectional study in Adadle district, ESRS. Stool samples were microscopically examined for IPIs and biomarkers for iron and vitamin A status, anthropometry, and food variety score (FVS) were assessed. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) FVS was 2.0 (2.0, 4.0), and 35% of children were exclusively breastfed up to age 6 months. Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) <12.5 cm was 30, 34, 40, and 16%, respectively. Median (IQR) haemoglobin, ferritin, and retinol‐binding protein concentrations were 9.5 g dL‐1 (8.2, 10.9), 6.2 μg L‐1 (4.0, 10.2), and 0.8 μmol L−1 (0.67, 0.91), respectively. Prevalence of anaemia, iron, and vitamin A deficiency was 75, 91, and 30%, respectively. IPIs' prevalence was 47%; the most prevalent IPIs were Giardia lamblia (22%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (15%). Giardial infections but not A. lumbricoides increased the risk for MUAC <12.5 cm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.21, 5.54]). The odds for anaemia were 97% (aOR: 0.03, 95% CI [0.03, 0.07]) and 89% (aOR: 0.11, 95% CI [0.11, 0.23]) less for children with FVS >2 or with exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, respectively. Undernutrition and IPIs are alarmingly high in <5 years of age children in ESRS. Giardial infections and low nutritional adequacy of the diet seem to be major contributing factors to the precarious nutritional status and should be addressed by appropriate interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutritional status and intestinal parasites among young children from pastoralist communities of the Ethiopian Somali region

Osman

Zinsstag

Tschopp

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…More than half of a total of 16 surveys including cross-sectional data of different countries (amongst others in Bangladesh) suggest the following predictors for anemia: child's age, current performance of any breastfeeding (both inversely related), malaria, iron deficiency, stunting, underweight, inflammation, low socioeconomic status and poor sanitation [91]. A study in Tanzania found low birth weight and dietary factors (e.g., low consumption of meat, vegetables and fruits) to predict anemia in children under 5 years [92].…”

Section: Predictors Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Anemia among Santal Adivasi Children, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Stiller

Golembiewski

Golembiewski³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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India’s Adivasi scheduled tribe population is disproportionately affected by undernutrition and anemia, thereby prevailing in the poorest wealth deciles denominated as socially and economically vulnerable. This study was designed to assess the extent of child undernutrition (conventional and composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) classification), as well as the burden of anemia in children and its independent nutrition specific and sensitive drivers, moreover to reflect the living conditions of Santal Adivasis. The research survey was conducted in 21 Santal villages, Birbhum District, West Bengal, in 2015. An overall 307 children (aged 6–39 months) and their mothers (n = 288) were assessed for their hemoglobin (Hb) levels (HemoCue Hb201+) and anthropometric indices such as height/length, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Moreover, socio-demographic household characteristics were surveyed. The study confirmed Adivasi children lagging behind national average with a high prevalence of undernutrition (height-for-age z-score (HAZ) 51.9%, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) 49.2%, weight-for-height z-score WHZ 19.0% and CIAF 61.6%) and of moderate and severe anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL, 73.3% altogether). Child’s age <24 months, low WAZ scores, morbidity (any fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection) on the checkup day or during previous week, low maternal Hb level, and lack of dietary diversification were identified as predictors for anemia, thereby warrant targeted interventions to decrease the high anemia rates assessed in the study site.

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“…Andersson & Hurrell (2010) state, increase iron content and bioavailability of the diet, and consumption of ironfortified foods are needed to prevention of iron deficiency in older children. Kejo et al (2018) state low or nonconsumption of iron-rich foods like meat, vegetables, and fruits were predictors of anemia among under-five children. Ray et al (2018) state factors associated with nutritional anemia in children less than 5 years age are low iron intake, increasing birth order and symptoms of anemia in mother.…”

Section: Iron Deficiency Risk Factors In Undernourished Children Agedmentioning

confidence: 92%

Iron Deficiency Risk Factors in Undernourished Children Aged 6-23 Months in Aceh, Indonesia

Ahmad¹,

Madanijah

Dwiriani

et al. 2018

jgizipangan

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The study aimed to analyse both the prevalence and risk factors for iron deficiency in undernourished children aged 6-23 months in Aceh. A cross-sectional study design was applied on 154 underweight children selected through a cluster sampling. Ferritin serum was analysed using the the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), haemoglobin level using the cyanmethaemoglobin, socio-demographic and food frequency data were collected by interviews. Data on iron intake, dietary diversity and nutrient density were assesed by the repeated 24 hours recall method for three days. The results showed that 27.3% of children suffered from iron deficiency (ID), 50.7% was anaemic and 19.7% suffered from iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Only 37.7% of children had received exclusive breast milk, 45.5% were given timely introduction of complementary feeding, 33.1% met the minimum meal frequency, 28.6% met dietary diversity, and 23.4% met the criteria for acceptable diet, 33.1% had iron intake from complementary feeding >40% RDA and 24.7% had enough iron density. Age, breastfeeding status and mother's occupation were significantly associated with the occurrence of ID where children aged 12-23 months were at lower risk than those aged 6-11 months (OR=0.28; 95%CI:0.09-0.83), while children who were not breastfed had 11.33 times higher risk of suffering from ID (OR=11.33; 95%CI:1.38-93.39). Working mothers had 8.29 higher risk of having children with ID (OR=8.29; 95%CI:1.71-40.08). The prevalence of ID in undernourished children was very high, thus it is necessary to improve the quality of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practicess as well as other interventions integrated into reducing malnutrition and iron deficiency to accelerate prevention of malnutrition in children.

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Prevalence and predictors of anemia among children under 5 years of age in Arusha District, Tanzania

Cited by 93 publications

References 38 publications

Nutritional status and intestinal parasites among young children from pastoralist communities of the Ethiopian Somali region

Nutritional status and intestinal parasites among young children from pastoralist communities of the Ethiopian Somali region

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Anemia among Santal Adivasi Children, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Iron Deficiency Risk Factors in Undernourished Children Aged 6-23 Months in Aceh, Indonesia

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