Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Johne’s disease in Egyptian cattle

Dhakal

et al. 2020

J. Agric. For. Univ.

Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and non-specific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction (fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal. Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p < 0.01) more positive cases than faecal culture. Findings of this study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease control strategy for livestock industry.

Section: Overall Prevalence Of Map In Dairy Cattlesupporting

confidence: 91%

Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal

Dhakal

et al. 2020

J. Agric. For. Univ.

“…This is consistent with previous findings of Elmahi et al [ 21 ]. Such findings could be attributed to high density of Culicoides in these areas [ 18 , 40 ], which plays an important role in transmission of BTV and its multiplication increased significantly during summer [ 38 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of bluetongue infection in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius); seroprevalence and risk factors analysis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-borne, non-contagious viral disease which affects domestic ruminants including camels and is transmitted by Culicoides spp. Clinical symptoms of BT are typically seen in sheep, although subclinical BT infections are mostly seen in cattle, goats, and camelids. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in camels from some governorates in Egypt’s southern and northern regions, as well as the infection’s potential risk factors. During 2020–2021, a cross sectional study was conducted to screen presence of anti-BTV antibodies in 400 serum samples, which were collected randomly from camels, examined using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The sera of 102 out of 400 camels tested positive for BTV, representing a frequency of 25.5%. Moreover, the odds of sero-positivity were higher among camels living in Aswan (OR = 5.33, 95%CI: 2.35–12.11), especially in females (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.44–4.09) during summer season (OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.20–4.81). Furthermore, the probability of getting BTV infection increased when camels were exposed to the insect vectors (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 0.87–3.09). The high prevalence of BTV in camels in several Egyptian regions highlights the need for more epidemiological investigations of BTV infection in other ruminant species in order to better control BT disease in these regions.

“…Moreover, BLV infection seroprevalence was significantly higher in grazing animals at risk of getting BLV infection, 1.7 times more than non-grazing animals. This may be attributed to free contact between uninfected and infected cattle from different communal grazing sources [8,31,33,42]. Also, detection of BLV in saliva, milk, and nasal secretion of infected animals provides a statement of bad handling or absence of regular cleaning or disinfection and lack of routine husbandry, for cattle in the loose housing system increase the probability of BLV transmission [6,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Molecular Identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Egyptian Cattle

Selim

Manaa

Alanazi

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is distributed worldwide and affects dairy cattle causing severe economic losses. The BLV has been serologically reported in Egypt, but few studies have evaluated its associated risk factors and genetic classification. Therefore, this study assessed risk factors associated with BLV infection and identified the genetic diversity of the Egyptian strain. The study was conducted on 500 dairy cattle distributed in four Governorates located in Northern Egypt. Overall, the seroprevalence of BLV infection among Egyptian dairy cattle was 18.2%. The grazing cattle in the losing house system had higher odds for BLV seropositivity, and bad practice such as the use of a single needle or one plastic glove for more than one animal was considered a significant risk factor for BLV infection. Besides, the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for one Egyptian BLV strain was performed, and the obtained results confirmed the clustering of Egyptian BLV strain into genotype-1. The assessment of associated risk factors for BLV infection and determination of its genetic classification are essential to implement an effective control program.