Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Molecular Identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Egyptian Cattle

Selim, Abdelfattah; Manaa, Eman; Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Alyousif, Mohamed S

doi:10.3390/ani11020319

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In comparison, the Qalyubia governorate had the lowest infection rate (10%), this could be due to camels being separated from other animals, as well as the large camel population in this area [21]. It's critical to stress the importance of the quantity and dispersion of Culicoides vector populations, as well as the composition of host species, climatic circumstances, and virus strains, may all influence sero-prevalence rates between countries [6,[31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of bluetongue infection in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius); seroprevalence and risk factors analysis

et al. 2022

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Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-borne, non-contagious viral disease which affects domestic ruminants including camels and is transmitted by Culicoides spp. Clinical symptoms of BT are typically seen in sheep, although subclinical BT infections are mostly seen in cattle, goats, and camelids. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in camels from some governorates in Egypt’s southern and northern regions, as well as the infection’s potential risk factors. During 2020–2021, a cross sectional study was conducted to screen presence of anti-BTV antibodies in 400 serum samples, which were collected randomly from camels, examined using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The sera of 102 out of 400 camels tested positive for BTV, representing a frequency of 25.5%. Moreover, the odds of sero-positivity were higher among camels living in Aswan (OR = 5.33, 95%CI: 2.35–12.11), especially in females (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.44–4.09) during summer season (OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.20–4.81). Furthermore, the probability of getting BTV infection increased when camels were exposed to the insect vectors (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 0.87–3.09). The high prevalence of BTV in camels in several Egyptian regions highlights the need for more epidemiological investigations of BTV infection in other ruminant species in order to better control BT disease in these regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of bluetongue infection in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius); seroprevalence and risk factors analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Genotype 11 are recorded in China [51] and G6 genotype has been found in South American countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia [48,52], as well as Asian countries such as the Philippines, Thailand [53], and India [54]. Moreover, genotype 1 was reported in Egypt [55]. Since every new genotype may show unique features of interaction with the host organism and leukaemogenesis is influenced by some genotypes, it is important to monitor the origin of new virus mutations for veterinary and animal husbandry [56,57] (Table 1).…”

Section: Blv Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective

Marawan

Alouffi

Tokhy

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.

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“…Mosquitoes are dangerous pests to human and animal health because they are vectors for diseases like malaria, filarial nematodes, encephalitis, and the West Nile virus [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Consequently, mosquito control is a critical requirement worldwide, mainly where freshwater sources predominate [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Biologically Active Green Tea and Fennel Natural Oils Delivery: Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activities against Culex pipiens

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The control of mosquitoes with essential oils is a growing demand. (2) Methods: This study evaluated the novel larvicidal and adulticidal activity of fennel and green tea oils and their nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) against Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) in the laboratory, field conditions and evaluated their effect against non-target organisms. SLN type II nanoformulations were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and transmission electron microscope. (3) Results: The synthesized NLCs showed spherical shaped, homogenous, narrow, and monomodal particle size distribution. The mortality percent (MO%) post-treatment (PT) with 2000 ppm for 24 h with fennel oil and NLC fennel (NLC-F) reached 85% (LC50 = 643.81 ppm) and 100% (LC50 = 251.71), whereas MO% for green tea oil and NLC green tea (NLC-GT) were 80% (LC50 = 746.52 ppm) and 100% (LC50 = 278.63 ppm), respectively. Field trial data showed that the larval reduction percent of fennel oil and NLC-F reached 89.8% and 97.4%, 24 h PT and the reduction percent of green tea oil and NLC-GT reached 89% and 93%, 24 h PT with persistence reached 8 and 7 days, for NLC-F and NLC-GT, respectively. The adulticidal effects showed that NLC-F and NLC-GT (100% mortality) were more effective than fennel and green tea oils (90.0% and 83.33%), with 24 h PT, respectively. Moreover, their reduction of adult density after spraying with LC95 X2 for 15 min, with fennel oil, NLC-F, and green tea oil, NLC-GT were 83.6%, 100%, 79.1%, and 100%, respectively, with persistence (>50%) lasting for three days. The predation rate of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and the bug, Sphaerodema urinator, was not affected in both oil and its NLC, while the predation rate of the beetle, Cybister tripunctatus increased (66% and 68.3%) by green tea oil and NLC-GT, respectively. (4) Conclusions: NLCs nanoformulation encapsulated essential oils was prepared successfully with unique properties of size, morphology, and stability. In vitro larvicidal and adulticidal effects against C. pipiens supported with field evaluations have been performed using essential oils and their nanoformulations. The biological evaluation of nanoformulations manifested potential results toward both larvicidal and adulticidal compared to the essential oils themselves, especially NLC encapsulated fennel oil which had promising larvicidal and adulticidal activity.

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Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Molecular Identification of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Egyptian Cattle

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

A survey of bluetongue infection in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius); seroprevalence and risk factors analysis

A survey of bluetongue infection in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius); seroprevalence and risk factors analysis

Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Biologically Active Green Tea and Fennel Natural Oils Delivery: Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activities against Culex pipiens

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