Prevalence and molecular characterization of human noroviruses and sapoviruses in Ethiopia

Sisay, Zufan; Djikeng, Appolinaire; Berhe, Nega; Belay, Gurja; Gebreyes, Wondwossen A.; Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku; Njahira, Moses; Wang, Q. H.; Saif, Linda J.

doi:10.1007/s00705-016-2887-7

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Detection of SV from children in Africa is recorded with different incidence rates: in Tunisia [0.8%] [ 57 ], Burkina Faso [18%, 10.3%, respectively] [ 16 , 51 ], and South Africa [4.1%, 7.7%, respectively] [ 53 , 56 ]. The prevalence of SV in all ages was reported from South Africa [8.4%] [ 54 ], Ethiopia [4.2%] [ 52 ], and Kenya [4%] [ 3 ]. A predominance of SV-GIV (53/221, 24%) was noted in the South African study done on stool samples from hospitalised children with gastroenteritis [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Human Sapovirus in Low and Middle Income Countries

Magwalivha

Kabue

Traore

et al. 2018

Advances in Virology

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Background Sapovirus (SV) infection is a public health concern which plays an important role in the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, causing acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages in both outbreaks and sporadic cases worldwide. Objective/Study Design The purpose of this report is to summarise the available data on the detection of human SV in low and middle income countries. A systematic search on PubMed and ScienceDirect database for SV studies published between 2004 and 2017 in low and middle income countries was done. Studies of SV in stool and water samples were part of the inclusion criteria. Results From 19 low and middle income countries, 45 published studies were identified. The prevalence rate for SV was 6.5%. A significant difference (P=0) in SV prevalent rate was observed between low income and middle income countries. Thirty-three (78.6%) of the studies reported on children and 8 (19%) studies reported on all age groups with diarrhoea. The majority (66.7%) of studies reported on hospitalised patients with acute gastroenteritis. Sapovirus GI was shown as the dominant genogroup, followed by SV-GII. Conclusion The detection of human SV in low and middle income countries is evident; however the reports on its prevalence are limited. There is therefore a need for systematic surveillance of the circulation of SV, and their role in diarrhoeal disease and outbreaks, especially in low and middle income countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Human Sapovirus in Low and Middle Income Countries

Magwalivha

Kabue

Traore

et al. 2018

Advances in Virology

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“…Relatively few sapovirus studies were conducted in Africa during the review period. However there has been an increase over the last four years, with 68% (13/19) of the studies published between 2015 and 2019 [34,[36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44][48][49][50][51]. The method of detection was either real-time RT-PCR or RT-PCR with primers that targeted either the VP1 region [36,46] ; RdRp region [35,40,45,47] or the RdRp-VP1 junction region [33,[37][38][39]42,43,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Sapovirus In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Burkina Faso, a study conducted among symptomatic under-five-year-old children between 2009 and 2010 reported a sapovirus detection rate of 18% [38] and another one conducted between 2011 and 2012 reported a sapovirus detection rate of 10.3% [49]. Table 2 summarizes human sapoviruses studies from the 13 countries that were reviewed [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. While age groups varied among the studies, the majority, 89% (16/18), included children less than 5 years [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Sapovirus In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Genetic Variability of Sapoviruses in Africa

Makhaola

Moyo

Kebaabetswe

2020

Viruses

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In this review, we describe the distribution and genetic diversity of sapoviruses detected among humans, animals and the environment in African countries. Databases were searched for studies conducted in African countries and published between Jan 2005 and Mar 2019. Only studies where RT- PCR was used for initial detection were included in the systematic review. We identified 27 studies from 14 African countries with 18 focused on human sapoviruses, two on animal sapoviruses and seven on sapoviruses observed in the environment. Samples. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of human sapovirus infections among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was similar at 5.0% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.0–7.0) and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–3.0), respectively. In environmental samples sapovirus detection rates ranged from 0% to 90% while in animal studies it was 1.7% to 34.8%. Multiple causes of gastroenteritis, sensitivity of detection method used, diversity of sapovirus strains and rotavirus vaccine coverage rate are some of the factors that could have contributed to the wide range of sapovirus detection rates that were reported. The studies reported human genogroups GI, GII, and GIV, with genogroup GI being the most prevalent. Some potential novel strains were detected from animal samples. Most studies genotyped a small portion of either the capsid and/or polymerase region. However, this is a limitation as it does not allow for detection of recombinants that occur frequently in sapoviruses. More studies with harmonized genotyping protocols that cover longer ranges of the sapovirus genome are needed to provide more information on the genomic characterization of sapoviruses circulating in African countries. Further investigations on animal to human transmission for sapoviruses are needed as inter-species transmissions have been documented for other viruses.

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“…During the 2000‐2011 surveillance period, the most common NoV strain circulating in Thailand belonged to GII.4, followed by GII.3 and other minor strains, including GII.1, GII.2, GII.6, GII.7, GII.11, GII.12, GII.13, GII.15, GII.16, GII.17, GII.20, and GII.21. A number of studies of SaV infection have also been carried out, and the detection rates are normally less than those of NoV . However, a wide variety of SaV genotypes have been detected in Thailand including: GI.1, GI.2, GI.4, GI.5, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, and GIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of norovirus and sapovirus genotypes with emergence of NoV GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Supadej

Khamrin

Kumthip

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are recognized as the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis, and NoV is one of the leading pathogens reported worldwide. This study reports on the distribution of NoV and SaV genotypes in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from January 2015 to February 2017. From a total of 843 stool samples, 170 (20.2%) and 16 (1.9%) were identified as having NoV and SaV infections, respectively. Two samples (0.2%) were positive for both NoV and SaV. Of these, NoV GII.4 (57.2%) was the dominant genotype, followed by GII.2, GII.3, GII.17, GII.6, GII.7, GII.13, GII.14, GII.15, GII.21, GI.6, and GI.5. Among the NoV GII.4 variants, Sydney 2012 was the dominant variant during the period 2015-2016, while the other variants detected in this study were Asia 2003 and New Orleans 2009. Interestingly, an increase of NoV GII.2 was observed in 2016 and 2017. Characterization of partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and VP1 nucleotide sequences of GII.2 strains revealed that more than half of the GII.2 strains circulating in 2016 and 2017 were recombinant strains of GII.P16/GII.2. For SaV, the majority of strains belonged to GI.1 (55.6%) and GI.2 (33.3%), while GII.5 accounted for 11.1%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the diversity of NoV and SaV, and the emergence of NoV GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains in 2016 and 2017 in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of human noroviruses and sapoviruses in Ethiopia

Cited by 23 publications

References 94 publications

Prevalence of Human Sapovirus in Low and Middle Income Countries

Prevalence of Human Sapovirus in Low and Middle Income Countries

Distribution and Genetic Variability of Sapoviruses in Africa

Distribution of norovirus and sapovirus genotypes with emergence of NoV GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand

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