Prevalence, and Intellectual Outcome of Unilateral Focal Cortical Brain Damage as a Function of Age, Sex and Aetiology

Braun, Claude M. J.; Montour-Proulx, Isabelle; Daigneault, Sylvie; Rouleau, Isabelle; Kuehn, Sally M.; Piskopos, M.; Desmarais, Geneviève; Lussier, Firoza Z; Rainville, Constant

doi:10.1155/2002/634764

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Neither do we now have a definitive explanation for the higher male-to-female preponderance either in the unilateral (7.2:1) or bilateral (2.3:1) groups. The most parsimonious explanation is provided by epidemiological studies, which indicate that the male preponderance of the present survey is a particular instance of a general phenomenon shared by common neurological illnesses such as stroke, head injury, and epilepsy (Braun et al, 2002 ). For example, men are three times more likely to suffer a traumatic brain injury than women (Gardner and Zafonte, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy

et al. 2019

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The emergence of enduring antisocial personality changes in previously normal individuals, or “acquired sociopathy,” has consistently been reported in patients with bilateral injuries of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Over the past three decades, cases of acquired sociopathy with (a) bilateral or (b) unilateral sparing of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex have been reported. These cases indicate that at least in a few individuals (a') neural structures beyond the ventromedial prefrontal cortex are also critical for normal social behavior, and (b') the neural underpinnings of social cognition may be lateralized to one cerebral hemisphere. Moreover, researchers have presented evidence that lesion laterality and gender may interact in the production of acquired sociopathy. In the present review, we carried out a comprehensive literature survey seeking possible interactions between gender and hemispheric asymmetry in acquired sociopathy. We found 85 cases of acquired sociopathy due to bilateral (N = 48) and unilateral (N = 37) hemispheric injuries. A significant association between acquired sociopathy and right hemisphere damage was found in men, whereas lesions were bilateral in most women with acquired sociopathy. The present survey shows that: (i) the number of well-documented single-cases of acquired sociopathy is surprisingly small given the length of the historical record; (ii) acquired sociopathy was significantly more frequent in men after an injury of the right or of both cerebral hemispheres; and (iii) in most women who developed acquired sociopathy the injuries affected both cerebral hemispheres. These findings may be especially valuable to neuroscientists and to functional neurosurgeons in particular for the planning of tumor resections as well as for the choice of the best targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy

et al. 2019

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“…This finding is similar to that of many other researchers. 9,12,16,50,51,78 Although gender differences in the brain's functional architecture obviously exist and are believed by some (Levy and Heller 48 and Breedlove 49 ) to be the product of hormonal factors, it seems that global measures of intellectual function are tools that do not always allow us to demonstrate such differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Intellectual Function After a Unilateral Cortical Lesion: Study of 635 Patients From Infancy to Adulthood

et al. 2004

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This study investigated potential predictors of intellectual outcome in 417 children and 218 adults who had sustained a unilateral cortical lesion. Of these, 295 cases were collected from the scientific literature and 340 from medical records at seven hospitals in Canada Different sets of predictors emerged for the Wechsler Verbal and Performance IQ values, accounting for differing variances (i.e., 12.4% and 20.1%, respectively). The volume of the lesion was the factor that explained the most variance (i.e., 4.95% and 11.7%, respectively). Age at lesion onset was significantly and positively correlated with verbal intelligence scores. This variable, considered independently or in interaction with other predictors, did not account for a large portion of the variance explained in intelligence. This refutes the commonly held notion that early onset of the insults results in a better prognosis.

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“…Secondly, when compared to men of the same age when women do have strokes that are debilitating they are usually so serious that they are rendered untestable and therefore would be naturally excluded from any such studies. 176 …”

Section: Crossed Aphasia From the Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Intuition, insight, and the right hemisphere: Emergence of higher sociocognitive functions

McCrea¹

2010

PRBM

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Intuition is the ability to understand immediately without conscious reasoning and is sometimes explained as a ‘gut feeling’ about the rightness or wrongness of a person, place, situation, temporal episode or object. In contrast, insight is the capacity to gain accurate and a deep understanding of a problem and it is often associated with movement beyond existing paradigms. Examples include Darwin, Einstein and Freud’s theories of natural selection, relativity, or the unconscious; respectively. Many cultures name these concepts and acknowledge their value, and insight is recognized as particularly characteristic of eminent achievements in the arts, sciences and politics. Considerable data suggests that these two concepts are more related than distinct, and that a more distributed intuitive network may feed into a predominately right hemispheric insight-based functional neuronal architecture. The preparation and incubation stages of insight may rely on the incorporation of domain-specific automatized expertise schema associated with intuition. In this manuscript the neural networks associated with intuition and insight are reviewed. Case studies of anomalous subjects with ability–achievement discrepancies are summarized. This theoretical review proposes the prospect that atypical localization of cognitive modules may enhance intuitive and insightful functions and thereby explain individual achievement beyond that expected by conventionally measured intelligence tests. A model and theory of intuition and insight’s neuroanatomical basis is proposed which could be used as a starting point for future research and better understanding of the nature of these two distinctly human and highly complex poorly understood abilities.

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Prevalence, and Intellectual Outcome of Unilateral Focal Cortical Brain Damage as a Function of Age, Sex and Aetiology

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy

Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy

Predictors of Intellectual Function After a Unilateral Cortical Lesion: Study of 635 Patients From Infancy to Adulthood

Intuition, insight, and the right hemisphere: Emergence of higher sociocognitive functions

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