Prevalence and incidence of depressive disorder: the Baltimore ECA follow‐up, 1981–2004

Abstract

Objective-To describe trends in prevalence and incidence of depressive disorder in a cohort from Eastern Baltimore. Results-Older age, lower education, non-White race, and cognitive impairment are independent predictors of attrition due to death and loss of contact, but depressive disorder is not related to attrition. Prevalence rates rise for females between 1981, 1993, and 2004. Incidence rates in the period 1993-2004 are lower than the period 1981-1993, suggesting the rise in prevalence is due to increasing chronicity. MethodConclusion-There has been a rise in the prevalence of depression in the prior quarter century among middle-aged females.

Latent Trajectories of Common Mental Health Disorder Risk Across 3 Decades of Adulthood in a Population-Based Cohort

“…Although increasing-decreasing classes were present among both sexes, the other trajectories differed in shape, complexity, and prevalence. The finding of different class structures by sex is consistent with known sex differences in risk for and course of mental health disorders 17,20,55,56 as well as neural development and processes. 57 Differences in risk trajectory across the life course may reflect differences in etiology.…”

“…Although a number of studies, such as that of Colman et al, 16 have estimated trajectories of symptoms over time, descriptions of trajectories of mental health disorder are scarce. The few diagnostic studies 9,[17][18][19][20] that have followed population-based samples of adults for more than 20 years have provided important information about the incidence and course of specific disorders. Along with longitudinal studies 19,21-29 of children followed into early adulthood, these indicate a substantial degree of heterogeneity in course and comorbidity with other mental health disorders over time.…”

Are Depression and Frailty Overlapping Syndromes in Mid- and Late-life? A Latent Variable Analysis

“…Details concerning data collection procedures have been described previously (12,13). The Baltimore ECA cohort was reinterviewed in 1982, 1993/6 and 2004/5.…”

Oral Health of People with Psychiatric Disorders

“…(Gavin et al 2005) Eaton et al pointed out that there has been a rise in the prevalence of depression among middle-aged females due to increasing chronicity in the U.S. between 1981 to 1993. (Eaton et al 2007) There has been a rise in the prevalence of depression among middle-aged females in the U.S.. (Eaton, Kalaydjian, Scharfstein, Mezuk, & Ding, 2007) …”