Prevalence and identification of tick species (Ixodidae) on domestic animals in district Multan, Punjab Pakistan

Ramzan, Muhammad; Naeem-Ullah, Unsar; Saba, Shafia; Iqbal, Naeem; Saeed, Shafqat

doi:10.1080/01647954.2020.1711803

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, this study did not provide information on the prevalence and burden of ticks from various host species. Subsequently, the majority of studies conducted adopted a convenience or opportunistic sampling strategy and/or covered smaller geographical (mostly peri-urban or near veterinary institutions in major metropolitan areas) zones targeting smaller sample sizes to investigate ticks in small ruminants [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDis) are a major constraint to the health and production of small ruminants in Pakistan. Despite being the subject of intermittent studies over the past few decades, comprehensive information on the epidemiology and control of TTBDis is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the current knowledge on TTBDis of small ruminants in Pakistan. Critical appraisal of the selected 71 articles published between 1947 to 2020 revealed that morphological examination had been the most widely used method for the identification of TTBDis in Pakistan. Tick fauna comprise at least 40 species, mainly belonging to Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The prevalence of ticks is the highest in summer (June–September) and it is also higher in goats than sheep. Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria spp. are the major tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), and their prevalence is usually higher in sheep than goats. Spatio-temporal distribution, genetic diversity and control of ticks and TBPs of small ruminants as well as the competence of tick vectors for various TBPs remain to be explored. Therefore, coordinated and focused investigations are required to fill knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise the health, production and welfare of small ruminants and minimise economic losses associated with TTBDis in Pakistan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, several studies have reported the prevalence of ticks ( Hyalomma , Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis spp.) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) ( Anaplasma , Babesia and Theileria spp.) in small ruminants from various parts of Pakistan [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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“…Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a contagious disease spread by hard ticks belonging to the genus, Hyalomma (Ramzan et al, 2018(Ramzan et al, , 2020. It has a wide range and is spread all over the world with an approximately 50% death rate.…”

Section: Crimean-congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Cchf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Managing Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Under Changing Climate; A review

Ramzan

Murtaza

Saghira

et al. 2021

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology

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Tick infestation is the main issue for animal health that causes substantial economic losses in the form of mortality and morbidity, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries of the world including Pakistan. The rural economy of Pakistan depends upon on livestock industry which faces the problems of some zoonotic diseases spread by tick infestation. Tick infestation caused Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Lyme disease, theileriosis and babesiosis in wild and domestic animals including humans. Climate change is highly associated with the distribution of ticks and ticks bornediseases (TBDs). Due to global warming, the temperature of the globe is rising which directly and indirectly affects vector-borne diseases like TBDs. To minimize the ticks and TBDs various approaches have been used in different regions of the world including Pakistan. The need for a review paper is to investigate the impact of climate change on ticks and TBDs in livestock as well as public health in Pakistan. To evaluate the effectiveness, environmentally safe, economically feasible and acceptable tick management approaches, literature was reviewed.

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“…It is the second-largest sector, providing 21.2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment to 45% of the labor force ( 1 ). Livestock, the “spine of the Pakistan agricultural economy,” are in danger due to the huge numbers of ecto- and endoparasites ( 2 , 3 ), and the costs of the control measures could have a serious economic impact on the livestock and dairy industries ( 4 ). The livestock sector is an integral part and the basis of the rural economy ( 5 ) as more than 70% of the population resides in rural regions ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Livestock are also affected by other tick damages, including tick-bite abscesses, irritation, dermatophilosis, and blood loss with its detrimental stressful effect on the animals ( 21 ). Ticks are obligate blood-sucking parasites ( 3 ), with the hard ticks having an outstanding medical and veterinary importance ( 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review

et al. 2021

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Ectoparasites, including lice, ticks, and mites, inhabit the host skin and depend on their host for sustenance, maturation, and multiplication. Among these, ticks are more prevalent in various regions of Pakistan because of favorable climatic conditions, lack of awareness of livestock keepers' regarding ectoparasite infestation rate, insufficient veterinary services, and inadequate control measures. Ectoparasitic infestation is a primary threat to cost-effective livestock production by damaging skin and transmitting multiple diseases between animals. This review aimed to determine the infestation rates of various ectoparasites in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, equids and to ascertain the prevalence and epidemiology of ectoparasites in different regions of Pakistan. This review could be useful in devising prevention and control strategies and identifying the risk factors associated with ectoparasites to enhance animal productivity. It provides directions for veterinary schools, researchers, and organizations aiming to collaborate with neighboring countries to eradicate these parasites. Future studies could support working veterinarians and administrators and contribute to human well-being.

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Prevalence and identification of tick species (Ixodidae) on domestic animals in district Multan, Punjab Pakistan

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Techniques for Managing Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Under Changing Climate; A review

Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review

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