Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus Isolates Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, Enterotoxins, and TSST-1 Genes from Food Handlers in Myanmar

Abstract

Asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are potential source of diseases, including food poisoning. Toxigenic potential and genetic traits of colonizing S. aureus were investigated for 563 healthy food handlers in Myanmar. Carriage of S. aureus was found in 110 individuals (19.5%), and a total of 144 S. aureus isolates were recovered from nasal cavities (110 isolates) and hands (34 isolates). Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes (pvl) were detected in 18 isolates (12.5%), among which 11 isolates were classified into coa-VIa, agr type III, and ST1930 (CC96) that had been also detected in pvl-positive clinical isolates in Myanmar. A pvl-positive, ST2250 nasal isolate was identified as S. argenteus, a novel coagulase-positive staphylococcus species. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) gene was detected in five pvl-negative isolates. All of the 144 isolates harbored at least one of the 21 enterotoxin(-like) gene(s). The most prevalent enterotoxin(-like) gene was selw (98%), followed by selx (97%), sei (28%), sely (28%), sem (26%), sel (24%), and sea and sec (22% each). Considerable genetic diversity with five groups was detected for selw. The present study revealed the relatively high rate of pvl, as well as the wide distribution of enterotoxin(-like) genes among colonizing S. aureus in Myanmar.

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene Amongst the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Fowl Meat

“…The presence of the PVL gene amongst the S. aureus strains recovered from food samples has been reported previously. 32,33 Recent epidemiological surveys revealed that diseases caused by PVL-positive MRSA strains are more severe with poor prognosis for a longer period of time and mainly do not have satisfactory response to therapeutic agents due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. 32,33 PVL-positive MRSA strains were also detected in different types of human clinical infections, particularly wound, burn, pulmonary, urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections.…”

“…32,33 Recent epidemiological surveys revealed that diseases caused by PVL-positive MRSA strains are more severe with poor prognosis for a longer period of time and mainly do not have satisfactory response to therapeutic agents due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. 32,33 PVL-positive MRSA strains were also detected in different types of human clinical infections, particularly wound, burn, pulmonary, urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. 32,33 MRSA strains harbored only SCCmec types IV and V. MRSA is often sub-categorized as healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA).…”

“…32,33 PVL-positive MRSA strains were also detected in different types of human clinical infections, particularly wound, burn, pulmonary, urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections. 32,33 MRSA strains harbored only SCCmec types IV and V. MRSA is often sub-categorized as healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Epidemiological studies revealed that CA-MRSA strains harbor SCCmec IV or V, while HA-MRSA strains harbor SCCmec I, II or III.…”

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

“…IT was recently reported in 2020, that Sags particularly the S. aureus enterotoxins play important role in the induction of asthma of hospitalized patients by inducing IgE production [13]. S. aureus strains secrete up to 23 of at least 24 serologically distinct SAgs including TSST-1, SEs and the SE-like (SE-l) [8,14,15]. These SAgs have the distinctive capability to concurrently bind both major histocompatability complex and the T-cell receptor, exerting immune response 20% greater than that of ordinary antigens [16, 17].…”

Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017

“…In our case, no epidemiologic link to Asia or the West Pacific region was observed. The clinical spectrum of infections with S. argenteus remains poorly described, but varies from asymptomatic nasal carriage ( 8 ) to community-acquired infections, including skin and soft tissue infections ( 1 , 6 ), bacteremia ( 1 , 9 ), and foodborne illness ( 8 ). Apart from 2 cases of bacteremia reported by Dupieux et al ( 9 ), clinical data for S. argenteus infections have been poorly detailed ( Technical Appendix Figure).…”