Prevalence and Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms in Adults Undergoing Covid-19 Testing

Abstract

Background and objective: Understanding the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons receiving COVID-19 testing will help guide mental health interventions. We aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and mental health symptoms at 8 weeks (baseline) after a COVID-19 test, and compare prevalence of mental health symptoms at baseline to those at 16-week follow-up. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study of adults who received outpatient COVID-19 testing at primary care clinics. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 test results with mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms reported at baseline were compared to symptoms at 16 weeks follow-up using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: At baseline, a total of 124 (47.51%) participants reported at least mild depressive symptoms, 110 (42.15%) participants endorsed at least mild anxiety symptoms, and 94 participants (35.21%) endorsed hazardous use of alcohol. Females compared to males were at increased risk of at least mild depressive symptoms at baseline (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.79). The odds of at least mild depressive symptoms was significantly lower among those residing in zip codes within the highest quartile compared to lowest quartile of household income (AOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17-0.81). Also, non-Hispanic Whites had significantly higher odds of reporting hazardous alcohol use compared to non-Whites at baseline (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.05-3.57). The prevalence of mental health symptoms remained elevated after 16 weeks. Conclusion and Relevance: We found a high burden of symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as hazardous alcohol use in a diverse population who received testing for COVID-19 in the primary care setting. Primary care providers need to remain vigilant in screening for symptoms of mental health disorders in patients tested for COVID-19 well after initial testing.

The global evolution of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

“…Twenty-six studies reported the prevalence of depression ( Amanzio et al, 2021 ; Batterham et al, 2021 ; Bendau et al, 2021 ; Dalkner et al, 2021 ; Daly et al, 2021 ; Fancourt et al, 2021 ; Fenollar-Cortés et al, 2021 ; Groarke et al, 2021 ; Iob et al, 2020 ; Kulbin et al, 2021 ; Kyzar et al, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2020 ; López-Morales et al, 2021 ; López Steinmetz et al, 2021 ; Marroquín et al, 2020 ; Messiah et al, 2021 ; Moya et al, 2021 ; Nisticò et al, 2021 ; O' Connor et al, 2020 ; Osaghae et al, 2021 ; Parker et al, 2021 ; Ripoll et al, 2021 ; Ruggieri et al, 2021 ; Vlake et al, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2021 ). Twelve studies reported the prevalence in two waves, 9 in three waves, two in 7 waves, and two in four waves.…”

“…In total, five studies reported substance use, with four studies ( Czeisler et al, 2021b ; Kulbin et al, 2021 ; Osaghae et al, 2021 ; Ripoll et al, 2021 ) that reported substance use prevalence estimates. There was one study ( Cousijn et al, 2020 ) (two waves) that reported mean (SD) of substance use, which was included in the longitudinal analysis on the LORs.…”

Sampling investigation and statistical analysis for mental problems of freshmen in Shandong Province

“…Vadivel et al 10 proposed the mental health and coping strategies in undergraduate students during the pandemic. Some other typical researches about mental health problems related to COVID-19 pandemic include: [11][12][13] , etc.…”

Identifying potential factors associated with PCR testing for COVID-19 among Australian young people: cross-sectional findings from a longitudinal study

“…Although testing is crucial for all age groups, testing to reduce transmission is arguably more vital in the highly social and mobile adolescent and young adult age group [ 4 ]. However, there is a shortage of evidence regarding factors associated with adolescents and young adults seeking COVID-19 testing across the world, including Australia, as most studies considered adult populations and/or healthcare providers as their sample [ 17 – 19 ]. A previous study in Australia conducted interviews with 14 health professionals regarding barriers to COVID-19 testing for all ages [ 18 ].…”