Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence

Tahiraj, Enver; Cubela, Mladen; Ostojić, Ljerka; Rodek, Jelena; Zenić, Nataša; Sekulić, Damir; Lešnik, Blaž

doi:10.3390/ijerph13050502

Cited by 25 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…It is likely that the cultural heritage of this territory (i.e., a significant portion of former Yugoslavia was part of the Ottoman Empire for more than four centuries) has played a role in smoking being looked upon as a socially accepted behavior, and availability of tobacco products has played important role in the relatively stable adolescent smoking figures. The role of these factors has been supported in studies examining other countries within this region [3,4,5]. Also, it has been approximated that more than one-fourth of the tobacco market in Croatia originates from the black market [6], which has significantly diminished the potential effect of higher prices of tobacco because of the taxing (increase of approximately 17% during the last five years) on smoking prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia

Zenić

Ban

Jurišić

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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The prevalence of smoking among Croatian adolescents is alarmingly high, but no previous study has prospectively examined the sport- and academic-factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations between scholastic (educational) achievement and sport factors and smoking in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents. This two-year prospective cohort study included 644 adolescents who were 16 years of age at baseline (46% females). Baseline testing was implemented at the beginning of the 3rd year of high school (September 2014) when participants were 16 years old. Follow-up testing was completed at the end of the fourth year of high school, which occurred 20 months later. The evaluated predictor variables were educational-achievement- and sport-related-factors. The outcome variables were (i) smoking at baseline; (ii) smoking at follow-up; and (iii) smoking initiation over the course of the study. We assessed the associations between predictors and outcomes using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and conflict with parents. The educational variables were consistently associated with smoking, with lower grade-point-average (Baseline: odd ratio (OR): 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–2.55; Follow-up: 1.59, 1.31–1.94), more frequent absence from school (Baseline: OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.69; Follow-up: 1.30, 1.08–1.58), and lower behavioral grades (Baseline: OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10–2.89; Follow-up: 1.57, 1.03–2.41) in children who smoke. Adolescents who reported quitting sports were at greater odds of being smokers (Baseline: 2.07, 1.31–3.32; Follow-up: 1.66, 1.09–2.56). Sport competitive achievement at baseline was protective against smoking initiation during following two-year period (0.45, 0.21–0.91). While the influence of the educational variables on smoking initiation has been found to be established earlier; sport achievement was identified as a significant protective factor against initiating smoking in older adolescents. Results should be used in development of an anti-smoking preventive campaign in older adolescents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia

Zenić

Ban

Jurišić

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Research on gender differences in the relationship between sport and smoking, alcohol and drug abuse is small and inconsistent; for instance, while Stafforter, Storger and Larsen (2005) found that membership in organized sport teams, increase the risk of alcohol abuse in male and female adolescents (28), more recent research, introduce competitive sport as a risk factor for alcohol abuse among females and a factor in preventing smoking among males (29). Despite the research being accomplished so far, there is no clear answer to the question that "Does sport help preventing and reducing the abuse of drug, alcohol and smoking in young people as it believed in public ".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Activity and Smoking, Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Students

Ahmadabadi

2018

Ann. Appl. Sport Sci

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Background. Despite the research being accomplished so far, there is no clear answer to the question that "Does sports help to prevent and reducing the abuse of drug, alcohol, and smoking in young people as it believed in public". Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports activity and experience of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse among a sample of male and female students in Tehran. Methods. In a crosssectional and correlation study, 1173 male and female students from two universities; University of Tehran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected to complete researcher-made questionnaires on smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, and also complete demographic questionnaires. They also responded to a sports activity questionnaire, including questions about the type and level of teamwork and activity. Results. The findings showed that males are relatively regular in sports activities than females and they are also members of sports teams. Smoking, alcohol and drug abuse were significantly higher in males than in females. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between being athlete in males, whether they are members of the team or not, and the smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, but unorganized female athletes, outside the framework of sports teams, had reported more alcohol and drug abuse than inactive people during a year ago. Conclusion. In order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of programs for the prevention of drug abuse through sport, paying attention to gender differences, age differences and type of sports activity (organized in the form of teams or nonorganized and individually) is critical. The findings of this study suggest that membership in sports teams of a college, especially for females should be expanded, and preventive programs should be designed through sport in a professional way -in terms of timing and content-for males and females.

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“…[23][24][25] However, when sport participation was analysed more specifically, there were some conflicting findings with the association between sports and cigarette smoking. [26][27][28] For example, in a recent study, authors found that adolescents who had stopped participating in a sport were at high risk of misusing substances, while lower competitive achievement in sports was found to be associated with a higher likelihood of cigarette smoking. 3 5 27 Again, owing to the cross-sectional study design, the causality is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport and scholastic factors in relation to smoking and smoking initiation in older adolescents: a prospective cohort study in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sekulić

Sisic

Terzić³

et al. 2017

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveSport and scholastic factors are known to be associated with cigarette smoking in adolescence, but little is known about the causality of this association. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationships of different sport and scholastic factors with smoking prevalence initiation in older adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina.MethodsIn this 2-year prospective cohort study, there were 872 adolescent participants (16 years at baseline; 46% females). The study consisted of baseline tests at the beginning of the third year (September 2013) and follow-up at the end of the fourth year of high school (late May to early June 2015). The independent variables were scholastic and sport-related factors. The dependent variables were (1) smoking at baseline, (2) smoking at follow-up and (3) smoking initiation over the course of the study. Logistic regressions controlling for age, gender and socioeconomic status were applied to define the relationships between independent and dependent variables.ResultsSchool absence at the baseline study was a significant predictor of smoking initiation during the course of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8). Those who reported quitting sports at baseline showed an increased risk of smoking at the end of the study (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0) and of smoking initiation (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0). Adolescents who reported lower competitive achievements in sport were at a higher risk of (1) smoking at baseline (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1), (2) smoking at follow-up (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) and (3) smoking initiation (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6).ConclusionsIn developing accurate antismoking public health policies for older adolescents, the most vulnerable groups should be targeted. The results showed that most participants initiated smoking before 16 years of age. Therefore, further investigations should evaluate the predictors of smoking in younger ages.

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia

Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia

Sports Activity and Smoking, Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Students

Sport and scholastic factors in relation to smoking and smoking initiation in older adolescents: a prospective cohort study in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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