Prevalence and Factors Associated With Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among High-Risk Women in Los Angeles

Javanbakht, Marjan; Stirland, Ali; Stahlman, Shauna; Smith, Lisa von Huth; Chien, Michael; Torres, R. De; Guerry, Sarah

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000026

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although it has been identified in all ethnic groups and socioeconomic strata, the prevalence of trichomoniasis varies widely between different populations, ranging from 5.4% in family planning clinics, 17.3% in patients presenting to sexually transmitted disease clinics, to 32% among incarcerated women [3] , [15] . Reported risk factors for trichomoniasis include lower socioeconomic status, lower educational level, douching, and a higher number of lifetime sex partners [16] , [17] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTrichomoniasis and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) shared similar risk factors, age distribution and overlapping symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in women with recurrent UTIs, attending a urology clinic in a medical center, in order to inform screening and treatment policies.MethodsWomen with recurrent UTIs, defined as the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (dysuria, frequency and urgency) and three positive urine cultures on voided urine specimens in the previous year, were enrolled prospectively from January 2013 to April 2014. Urine samples were collected for culture and tested for TV using immunochromatographic strip. Outpatient follow-up was arranged to diagnose any symptomatic UTI recurrence.ResultsSixty-five women were recruited. Mean age was 57.4 ± 14.3 year-old and follow-up duration was 9.5 ± 4.0 months. The prevalence of TV was 16.9% (11/65). Eight women had UTI recurrence in the follow-up period. Recurrence rate did not differ in patients with and without concomitant TV infection.ConclusionsGiven the high prevalence of TV, we suggest that testing for TV should be considered in women with recurrent UTIs. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of treating TV in this group of patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections

et al. 2016

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“…Current treatments for trichomoniasis include a single oral dose of metronidazole (MTZ; 2 g), a single oral dose of tinidazole (2 g), or a 7-day oral course of MTZ (500 mg twice daily) [7]. The prevalence of trichomoniasis varies among different subpopulations, ranging from 5.4% in family planning clinics and 17.3% in patients presenting to sexually transmitted disease clinics, to 32% among incarcerated women [8, 9]. The prevalence of T. vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections in Taiwan was 16.9% [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in women: a nationwide population-based cohort study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundTrichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis and annually infects approximately 276 million people worldwide. We observed an ambiguously higher probability of trichomoniasis in patients from the psychiatric department of Tri-Service General Hospital. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between trichomoniasis and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe nationwide population-based study utilized the database of the National Health Insurance (NHI) programme in Taiwan. A total of 46,865 subjects were enrolled in this study from 2000–2013, comprising 9373 study subjects with trichomoniasis and 37,492 subjects without trichomoniasis as the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of psychiatric disorders during the 14 years of follow-up.ResultsOf the study subjects with trichomoniasis, 875 (9.34%) developed psychiatric disorders compared with 1988 (5.30%) in the control group (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of overall psychiatric disorders in the study subjects was 1.644 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.514–1.766; P < 0.001). More specifically, the study subjects had a higher risk for developing an individual psychiatric disorder, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and substance abuse. Although metronidazole treatment reduced the risk for developing several subgroups of psychiatric disorders, significant reduction was detected for depression only. Furthermore, refractory trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis visits ≥ 2) enhanced the risk of psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsWe show herein that T. vaginalis infection increases the overall risk for psychiatric disorders. The novel role of T. vaginalis in developing psychiatric disorders deserves more attention, and the control of such a neglected pathogen is of urgent public health importance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3350-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Still, T. vaginalis is a silent danger, that is, in many settings, more prevalent and endemic than previously understood, it has been associated with pelvic in-flammatory disease and adverse outcomes of pregnancy (low birth weight and premature birth), and that can also disturb the cytological diagnosis of cervix smears [46]. Moreover, T. vaginalis increases the risk to acquire and transmit several other STIs including HIV [47][48][49], and it may spread to sexual partners because they are not aware of its presence. In Flanders, Belgium, where T. vaginalis was considered to be almost extinct in the low-risk population, we observed a 0.4% prevalence when applying MB techniques on 60,000 specimens collected to check for routine cervix cancer prevention [50].…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Amplifications Tests and Point-of-carementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Molecular Biology in Diagnosis and Characterization of Vulvo-Vaginitis in Clinical Practice

Donders¹,

Vitali

Netea

et al. 2017

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The diagnosis of vulvo-vaginal complaints has always been enigmatic in obstetrics and gynecology. Patients with clear, pathognomonic symptoms end up with a proper diagnosis and treatment most of the time, but unfortunately we are now living in a world where women reach out to the Internet and readily get all information as to which disease their symptoms correspond to and also find the appropriate treatment “over-the-counter.” Because of this trend, we as specialists are increasingly confronted with patients with complex and combined conditions. At the same time, extremely sensitive and accurate diagnostic tools are now being developed at a rapid pace, allowing the physicians to diagnose vulvo-vaginal disease with a substantially increased precision. Moreover, many of these molecular biology (MB)-based tests have become so common and affordable that self-sampling and self-testing are no longer utopia. On the other hand, too much information that is too readily available and that is too affordable also encompasses pitfalls, leading to gross overtreatment and psychological burden. As experienced caregivers, we should supervise these evolutions, define their place and proper use as diagnostic tools, utilize their potential as ad hoc tools to follow-up treatment efficacy and guide how such tools can be used for responsible self-testing. In the present paper, responding to the need for appropriate, quality assured and accessible tests for vulvo-vaginitis and the huge potential delivered by the rapidly developing MB methods, we recommend the need for a broad and regular discussion forum, composed of both clinical and technical experts and opinion makers, in order to match the needs with the huge opportunities and ideally combine the initiatives and forces into the same direction. This forum should then translate conceived strategies into regularly updated, evidence-based national and international guidelines.

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Prevalence and Factors Associated With Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among High-Risk Women in Los Angeles

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections

A pilot study on Trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections

Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in women: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Role of Molecular Biology in Diagnosis and Characterization of Vulvo-Vaginitis in Clinical Practice

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