Prevalence and determinants of the practice of genital mutilation of girls in Khartoum, Sudan

Satti, Alia; Elmusharaf, Susan; Bedri, Hibba; Idris, Tayseer; Hashim, Mohammed; Suliman, G. I.; Almroth, Lars

doi:10.1179/146532806x152827

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…24 This was in agreement with who have suggested that rural women are more likely to be mutilated than an urban one. That could be explained by cultural believes and low educational level were more prevalent in rural areas.…”

Section: -21supporting

confidence: 81%

“…16,20 The current study was in line with a study conducted in Sudan; it reported that the majority of FGM occurred at home and practiced by birth attendant. 24 The findings bear similarities to the results of Ethiopia study that FGM complications included pain, bleeding, and infection. 17 The current study reported that mutilation had adverse effect on female sexual function as desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction; it also clarified the high percentage of sexual dysfunction among mutilated women that is in agreement with results of a study conducted in Gambia, review study, African countries …”

Section: -21supporting

confidence: 63%

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The effect of female genital mutilation on couple sexual function

Raheem¹,

El-tahalawi²,

Raia³

et al. 2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure that had physical, social, psychological, and sexual complications. The study aimed to assess effect of FGM on couple sexual function.Methods: case control nested from cross-sectional study in Fayoum governorate; it was conducted during a period of five months (March 2016 to July 2016).Results: The prevalence of FGM was 432(83.4%). The risk of exposure to mutilation was about four folds higher among women inhabitant rural areas, and about nine folds higher among low educated women, and around six folds higher if parents were low educated. Around one-third of women in the study 157 (30.3%) suffered psychological problems and 142 (27.4%) of them suffered marital and social problems related to FGM practice. Mutilated women had five folds decrease in desire: four folds decrease in sexual satisfaction and five folds increase in sexual dysfunction on contrary 57% to 59% decrease in arousal and orgasm. As regards to husband sexual satisfaction, it decreases by around three folds if their wives were mutilated. There is statistically a significant increase in couple sexual dysfunction among complicated mutilation.Conclusions: FGM is still practiced in Egypt and it resulted in many physical, psychological, and social complications; also it had a negative impact on the couple's sexual life.

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Section: -21supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: -21supporting

confidence: 63%

The effect of female genital mutilation on couple sexual function

Raheem¹,

El-tahalawi²,

Raia³

et al. 2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…According to data reported by WHO, prevalence of FGM in Sudan was 89% and types performed were type I (15%), type II (3%), type III (82%). In Somalia, the prevalence of FGM was 100% and type III was the only type performed [16]. According to the types of FGM in this study, the most common types were type I (49.2%) and type II (50.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey Study of Acute and Long Term Effects of Female Genital Mutilation among Women in Sharkia Governorate

Arafa¹,

Abdelghany²,

Madkour³

et al. 2014

OJOG

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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute and long-term effects of female genital mutilation (FGM) among women in Sharkia Governorate. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Zagazic University Hospital (ZUH) over a two years period from January 2012 to January 2014. The overall sample consisted of 1500 women. An interview was utilized to collect the necessary data. The questionnaires were administered face to face, in Arabic language. Four open and 25 close-ended questions were used to collect socio-demographic data of the sample: women's experience about the circumcision, occurrence of health hazards after circumcision, and sexual effects on married women. Intention of all women (circumcised or not) to circumcise their daughters was also documented. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of FGM in Sharkia Governorate was about 85.5%. The majority of circumcised women were Muslims (94.4%), married (87.9%), housewife (81.4%), illiterate or with low education level (45.5% and 38.5% respectively) and from rural areas (82.2%). The most common types of FGM were type I (49.2%) and type II (50.8%). The most common motive of FGM was the religious cause (46.6%). The majority of circumcised women (59%) denied the occurrence of any acute complication. The reported acute complications in this study were bleeding (19.6%), urine retention (2.3%), infection (6.3%) and difficult walking (12.8%). The majority of circumcised women (86%) denied the occurrence of any problems at labor related to circumcision. The reported problems at labor in this study were narrowing of introitus (8.4%), laceration (0.7%) and bleeding (4.9%). In this study, 74.6% of circumcised women believed that there was no effect of circumcision on their sexual satisfaction and 92.1% of circumcised women believed that there was no effect of circumcision on their husband's sexual satisfaction. Approximately 16% of circumcised women complained of dyspareunia and believed that it was related to circumcision. Conclusion: Female circumcision is deeply rooted in our community and laws alone will not eradicate it. Moreover, this * Corresponding author. E. M. Arafa et al. 875approach may drive it underground. Increased media coverage, statements by ministers, religious leaders and non-governmental organizations may lead to increased discussion of the topic at a local level. Spreading the message by means of pictures, song and drama as well as economic development will be more effective.

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“…Perhaps most worrying is the apparent trend toward the practice being carried out by trained health personnel, as opposed to traditional circumcisers. Surveys in some countries indicate that at least one-third of women whose daughters underwent FGM had the procedure carried out by a trained health professional [10]. And a comparative analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys shows a very clear and sometimes substantial increase in the medicalization of FGM in some countries [11].…”

Section: Prevalence and Consequences Of Fgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting girls and women from harmful practices affecting their health: Are we making progress?

Cottingham

Kismödi

2009

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Since female genital mutilation (FGM) was first recognized internationally in 1958, it has now become widely accepted and anchored in international law that FGM is a violation of girls' and women's human rights. Declines in the practice, however, are slow overall, and continued work for its elimination requires action and investment at many levels. Where the practice has diminished, community action has been widespread and sustained. Governments, who are ultimately responsible for the eradication of FGM, must take many measures to outlaw the practice and protect girls' and women's rights, through legislation, policy, education, and resource allocation. Among the other key actors, health care professionals have a particularly important role in treating women and in preventing FGM by actively opposing any medicalization of the practice.

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Prevalence and determinants of the practice of genital mutilation of girls in Khartoum, Sudan

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of female genital mutilation on couple sexual function

The effect of female genital mutilation on couple sexual function

Survey Study of Acute and Long Term Effects of Female Genital Mutilation among Women in Sharkia Governorate

Protecting girls and women from harmful practices affecting their health: Are we making progress?

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