Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hailegebriel, Tamirat

doi:10.1177/0379572120968978

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The zinc density in the optimized formulation was 0.4 mg/100 kcal (Table 4) and thus below the recommended value of 1.6 mg/100 kcal for 6‐ to 8‐month‐old infants. The Ca, Fe, and Zn contents of the individual flours used in the current formulation were in agreement with those reported in the literature, in particular for kocho (Abebe et al., 2007; Andeta et al., 2019; Atlabachew & Chandravanshi, 2008; Hailegebriel, 2020). To meet the daily requirements for Na, Mg, P, and K for infants and young children, it would be necessary to feed the optimized formulation two to three times per day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In low‐income countries, inadequate nutrient intake from suboptimal complementary feeding in combination with a high incidence of infections at an early age is the major cause of high stunting rates and impaired development (Masuke et al., 2021). Most rural households in these countries do not have access to animal protein or fortified foods (Hailegebriel, 2020). Consequently, many resource‐poor families rely on plant‐based diets for their infants, which are usually based on a single type of cereal grain but prepared through different methods of cooking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of nutritional and functional qualities of local complementary foods of southern Ethiopia using a customized mixture design

Ayele

Teferra

Frank

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Commercially produced complementary foods are inaccessible to rural households in Ethiopia. This study aimed to optimize the nutritional and functional properties of local complementary foods using flours of the following locally available crops: maize, red kidney bean, kocho, and pumpkin fruit. Ten formulations were generated using a customized mixture design. A five‐point hedonic scale was used for the determination of organoleptic properties, and standard methods were used for the analyses of nutritional composition and functional properties. The flours were mixed in the range of 20%–30% for kocho, 10%–25% for pumpkin fruit, 10%–40% for red kidney bean, and 15%–30% for maize. Optimal nutritional and functional properties were obtained using 33.5% kocho, 22.5% maize, 17.5% pumpkin, and 26.5% red kidney bean. Optimal values for functional properties were 0.86 g/ml, 5.94 ml/g, 4.14 ml/g, 2.96 g/g, 5.0 ml/g, and 1225.3 cP for bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, swelling index, and viscosity, respectively. All formulations were within acceptable limits with scores ranging from 3.00 to 4.32 on a scale of 5. The inclusion of 25% pumpkin fruit flour and other ingredients between 20% and 30% increased the pro‐vitamin A carotenoid and vitamin E contents of the composite flours. Aside from optimization, a higher concentration of limiting amino acids was achieved with 40% kidney beans and 15%–25% of the other ingredients. The mineral contents improved with increasing pumpkin, kidney bean, and kocho. To sum up, the nutrient quality, energy density, and functional quality of complementary foods can be optimized at a low cost using local ingredients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of nutritional and functional qualities of local complementary foods of southern Ethiopia using a customized mixture design

Ayele

Teferra

Frank

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…The study revealed that the odds of stunting are higher among children whose mothers can read and write compared to those mothers who attend secondary school and above. This is supported by the studies conducted in different parts of the world [ 12 29 33 34 35 ]. This could be explained by the fact that women with a higher education, owing to their exposure to the outside world, are more aware of personal hygiene and of promotive and curative health care than uneducated or less-educated women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The main outcome variable was stunting (yes/no), reflecting failure to receive adequate nutrition over a long period, resulting in low height-for-age at < –2SD of median value of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international growth reference [ 35 ]. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics of the child (age, sex); sociodemographic characteristics of the caretaker/mother head of household; mother’s age, education, background, monthly income; mother’s occupation; environmental and hygiene related factors (type of house, type of water source, toilet availability); health service utilization (history of mother related to number of children, antenatal care (ANC) follow up, family planning (FP) use, place of delivery, immunization, deworming); nutrition-related characteristics (dietary history of children/caregiver, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), time of complementary feeding start, duration of breastfeeding); and health care characteristics (infection).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting among School Age Children in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia 2021

Ahmed

Shine²,

Asefa

et al. 2022

Annals of Global Health

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Introduction: Stunting has long been regarded as one of the most important indicators of malnutrition, serving as a proxy for not just chronic nutritional deficiency but also long-term socioeconomic disadvantage among children and society as a whole. In 2016, stunting alone afflicted an estimated 154.8 million (22.9%) children under the age of five over the world. It is one of Ethiopia’s most serious undernutrition and health problems among school-aged children. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among school-aged children in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia 2021. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school students in Addis Ababa city. By using a single population proportion, a formula of 627 students was recruited. From 11 sub-cities, 4 sub-cities were selected by lottery method, and 21 (30%) of the schools from the sub-city were selected. Finally, from each school, study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling, using their attendance list as a frame. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and anthropometric measurements were taken. In order to see the association between the dependent (stunting) and independent variables, bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression were used. During bi-variable analysis, variables that had p-values of less than 0.2 were entered into multivariable analysis to see the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals and a P-value of less than 0.05 were used to see the level of significance. Result: The prevalence of stunting was 108/607 (18.0%) with a 95% CI of 14.5–20.9). Being a male child (AOR = 0.616, 95% CI, 0.34–0.96), type of water source (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.12–10.37), not feeding breast milk (AOR = 3.411, 95% CI, 1.09–10.07), educational status, and ability to read and write (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.15–3.88) were predictors of stunting. Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of stunting was high, and it explored that stunting remains a noticeable attribute of urban school-age children. The higher educational status of the mother, exclusive breast feeding, using ground water, and being a female child were negatively associated with the prevalence of stunting. The risk of stunting was higher among male than female school-aged children. Findings from the study suggest the need to strengthen the strategies that lead to Sustainable Development Goal 4 to ensure all girls and boys complete primary and secondary schooling by 2030.

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“…The problem of undernutrition is a global concern in recent years and it is increasing at a wider rate in developing countries like India [ 1 ]. The main reason for focusing the analysis on undernutrition is that undernutrition continues as an economic ’macro’ issue related to food entitlements, poverty, and the socio-economic structure of societies as well as a primary cause of disease susceptibility, morbidity and mortality throughout the Third World [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescents in India: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Undernutrition is one of the serious health problems among adolescents in India where 253 million adolescents are in the age group of 10–19 years. Since adolescents represent the next generation of adults, it is important to understand the nutritional status of adolescents. Even though several studies have been carried out in different states in India on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, wasting /underweight), there is no study or review that estimated the national pooled prevalence of adolescent undernutrition and its determinants. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition (stunting, underweight/wasting) among Indian adolescents. Methods A systematic review of eligible articles will be conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive searching of the literature will be made in Pub Med, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The quality of the articles included in the review will be evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence and odds ratio of the associated risk factors or determinants with their 95% confidence interval will be computed using STATA version 16 software. The existence of heterogeneity among studies will be assessed by computing p-values of Higgins’s I2 test statistics and Cochran’s Q-statistics based on chi-square with a 5% level of significance among reported prevalence. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be conducted based on study quality to investigate the possible sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed through visual examination of funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. This review protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021286814). Discussion By collecting and summarizing information on adolescent undernutrition can be a step towards a better understanding of the prevalence of nutritional status of Indian adolescents and how the associated factors influence the prevalence of undernutrition. This review will provide directions for further research and healthcare practitioners. This summarized finding at the national level will provide impetus to build nutritional strategies and proper healthcare services to fight against undernutrition among the most ignored population.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Optimization of nutritional and functional qualities of local complementary foods of southern Ethiopia using a customized mixture design

Optimization of nutritional and functional qualities of local complementary foods of southern Ethiopia using a customized mixture design

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting among School Age Children in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia 2021

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescents in India: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

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