Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu

Dahal, Sitasnu; Sah, Ram Bilakshan; Niraula, Surya Raj; Karkee, Rajendra; Chakravartty, Avaniendra

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257037

Cited by 19 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The major risk factors are also likely to affect one or more of the other NCDs, and some of the NCD risk factors tend to appear in ‘clusters’ in individuals. Those appearing in clusters sets of risk factors account for a large fraction of the risk of NCD in the population [ 15 , 18 ]. The reported leading risk factors included tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, and physical inactivity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Introduction The disease burden and mortality related to Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) increased in the last couple of decades in Ethiopia. As a result, an estimated 300,000 deaths per annum were due to NCD. According to a World Health Organization report, 39% of the total deaths in Ethiopia were attributable to NCD. Rapid urbanization characterized by unhealthy lifestyles such as tobacco and/or alcohol use, physical inactivity, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight drive the rising burden of NCD. However, studies on risk factors for NCD and associated variables are limited among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the magnitude of the risk factors of NCD and associated factors among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,200 working adults in Eastern Ethiopia that were selected using a simple random sampling technique from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected following the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (WHO STEP) instruments translated into the local language. A total of five risk factors were included in the study. The Negative Binomial Regression Model was used to determine the association between NCD risk factor scores and other independent variables. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to report the findings while the association was declared significant at a p-value of less than 0.05. STATA version 16.1 was used for data clearing, validating and statistical analysis. Results Totally, 1,164 (97% response rate) participants were employed for analysis. Overall, 95.8% (95% CI: 94.4–96.7%) of the participants had at least one of the five risk factors of NCD. Furthermore, the proportion of participants that had all NCD risk factors was 0.3%. Among the participants, 47.5% were alcohol drinkers, 5.1% were current smokers, 35.5% were overweight, 49.1% exercise low physical activity, and 95% had less than five portions of fruits and vegetables intake per day. Higher risk factor scores were associated with those of advanced age (AIRR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.53 in 35–44 age group and AIRR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01–1.62 in 45–54 age group), and the ones who are higher educational level (AIRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07–1.43 for those who have completed secondary school and AIRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.50 for those who have completed college education). Conclusion The overwhelming majority (95.8%) of the participants had at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases. The risk score of non-communicable diseases was higher among those with advanced age and who completed secondary and above levels of education. In a nutshell, the finding shows the need for lifestyle modification and comprehensive non-communicable diseases prevention programs for working adults in Eastern Ethiopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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“…Our findings however are consistent with numerous previous studies from Nepal, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa which revealed rates between 96.7% and 97.2%. 23–26 With such alarming prevalence of modifiable NCD risks in different communities across the globe, almost the entire adult population comprises impending NCD patients. Furthermore, half of participants in this study exhibited clustering of NCD risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Variable rates of tobacco use ranging from 2.9% in Nigeria to 49.9% in Bangladesh are reported by studies conducted in different communities. 12 , 15 , 23–27 , 29 , 35–51 Similarly, with regards to harmful alcohol use, a wide prevalence range (0.8–34.7%) is found in the body of literature. 12 , 15 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 29 , 36–44 , 46–49 A 5% rate in harmful alcohol consumption observed in this present study echoes findings of an earlier study conducted just over a decade ago in Dar es Salaam city.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 , 15 , 23–27 , 29 , 35–51 Similarly, with regards to harmful alcohol use, a wide prevalence range (0.8–34.7%) is found in the body of literature. 12 , 15 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 29 , 36–44 , 46–49 A 5% rate in harmful alcohol consumption observed in this present study echoes findings of an earlier study conducted just over a decade ago in Dar es Salaam city. 52 Nonetheless, a more recent study in a similar setting that involved motorcycle taxi riders revealed a striking rate (61.5%) of hazardous alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, previous studies have unanimously demonstrated a similar sex pattern regarding the two behavioral risks. 12 , 15 , 23–27 , 29 , 35–51 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania

Pallangyo¹,

Komba²,

Mkojera³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Background Notwithstanding the ever-present burden of infectious diseases, the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region has experienced a 67% rise in the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in less than three decades. Furthermore, regardless of the increased recognition of NCDs threat in the region, reliable local estimates and associated drivers are generally lacking. We therefore conducted this cross-sectional study to establish the pattern and correlates of the modifiable NCD risk factors among caregivers of patients attending a tertiary cardiovascular centre in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used a structured questionnaire bearing a modified WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) tool to explore the modifiable behavioral and modifiable biological NCD risk factors. Results A total of 1063 caregivers were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 40.5 years, and 55.7% were female. Nearly 80% of participants had a good knowledge regarding NCDs and 85.4% had a positive family history of NCDs. Overall, 1027 (96.6%) participants had at least one modifiable NCD risk factor while 510 (48.0%) had three or more (i.e., clustering). With respect to modifiable behavioral NCD risk factors, 34 (3.2%) were tobacco users, 56 (5.3%) had harmful alcohol consumption, 691 (65%) had unhealthy eating behavior, and 820 (77.1%) were physically inactive. Pertaining to modifiable biological NCD risk factors, 710 (66.8%) had excess body weight, 420 (39.5%) had hypertension and 62 (5.8%) were diabetic. Conclusion A vast majority of caregivers of NCD patients in this tertiary setting were found to have modifiable NCD risk factors with a strong tendency of clustering. These findings call for intensification of both population strategies and targeted group interventions for better control of the NCD threat and its correlates.

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Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of selected noncommunicable diseases among the general population of Cyprus: A large population‐based cross‐sectional study

Kyprianidou

Panagiotakos

Makris

et al. 2023

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

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BackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NCDs among the population of Cyprus and to identify the distribution of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants among individuals with the most frequent NCDs.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using stratified sampling. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the presence of NCDs were collected through a standardized questionnaire. The diseases were classified using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10).ResultsIn total, 1140 individuals participated in the study, among whom 590 (51.7%) had at least one chronic disease. The most prevalent NCDs were hyperlipidemia (17.4%), hypertension (12.9%), and thyroid diseases (8.4%). We identified more males than females with hyperlipidemia aged 25–44 years old and >65 years old (p = 0.024), more males compared to females with hypertension (p = 0.001) and more females compared to males with thyroid diseases (p < 0.001). Individuals with hypertension and hyperlipidemia were more likely to be married, to have completed a higher education, and to have a high annual income.DiscussionIn Cyprus, the majority of the general population had at least one NCD. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and thyroid disease are relatively common, even at younger ages, highlighting the need for the development of public health programs aimed at addressing and preventing NCDs.

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Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania

Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of selected noncommunicable diseases among the general population of Cyprus: A large population‐based cross‐sectional study

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