Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in Spanish salaried workers: evidence from 15 614 men and women

Abstract

Objective To describe the prevalence of Spanish workers with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and those at risk of developing MetS in 2015. Methods Cross-sectional study of workers (n = 15 614). We used a modified definition of the NCEP:ATPIII criteria for MetS (we used body mass index (BMI) above 28.8 kg/m2 instead of the waist circumference criterion). We calculated the prevalence of MetS (having at least three components) and of being at risk of MetS (having one or two components). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of MetS according to socio-economic and workplace characteristics. Results The proportions of workers with and at risk of MetS were 7.1 and 31.9%, respectively. The most prevalent criterion was having a BMI > 28.8 kg/m2 (24.1%) in men and cHDL < 40 mg/dl in women (12.9%). There were significant associations between MetS and men (aOR compared to women = 3.73, CI 95%: 3.19; 4.36); age (higher among oldest, aOR = 5.75, CI 95%: 4.37;7.56); and social class (higher among lower social class, aOR = 2.03, CI 95%: 1.65;2.48). Conclusion Reducing any of the five MetS components, while taking into account the differences found by socio-economic and workplace characteristics, should be one priority for reducing MetS prevalence.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population

“…The prevalence of MS, as defined by ATP-III criteria, observed in the present analysis is similar to that observed in previously published Spanish studies on the adult working population [4,5,22]. Similarly to ours, these studies also observed that the prevalence of MS was higher in men than women, increased with age, and was greater in the lower social classes as compared to the higher [4,5,22].…”

“…Specific to the Spanish population, a study carried out in adults aged 35–74 years showed a higher prevalence of MS in men up to 55 years of age and in women over the age of 65, who also presented a higher coronary risk associated with the presence of MS [ 21 ]. MS prevalence in the working population, which overall was estimated to be 10.2% by the Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria [ 5 ], was significantly higher among men than women [ 4 , 5 , 22 , 23 ] and among older workers and those in the lower SES [ 4 , 5 , 22 ]. However, when looking at MS prevalence in relation to SES in men and women separately, information is very limited.…”

Association between Dietary Habits, Shift Work, and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Korea Nurses’ Health Study

“…The PSM is used to balance the distribution of covariates between two observed groups to reduce selection bias [ 42 ]. We reviewed previous studies [ 43 , 44 ], conducted the basic analysis and conducted nearest neighbor matching with caliper 0.2. The four general characteristics variables used were age, marital status, level of education, and salary.…”