Prevalence and determinants of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a general population-based sample in Mysore district, Karnataka state, southern India

Munro, H.; Banandur, Pradeep; Jayachandran, Aparna; Lowndes, Catherine M; Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Ramesh, Banadakoppa M; Washington, Reynold; Jagannathan, Latha; Mendonca, Kevin; Moses, Stephen; Blanchard, James; Alary, Michel

doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000343770.92949.0b

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These Additionally, there was a highly significant relationship (p<0.01) between the HIV status of female participants and their area of residence, with higher rates of HIV prevalence among women in urban areas (0.29%) than rural areas (0.18%). These findings concur with that of other studies, which indicate that HIV prevalence was higher in urban areas than rural areas (Munro et al 2008;Perkins et al 2009). It has been argued that the reason for these findings is that certain types of risk-taking behavior, e.g., drug injecting use and sexual contact with CSWs, are more common in urban than rural places of residence (Mahanta et al 2008;Saidel et al 2008;Kumar et al 2008;Gajendra et al 2011;Gupta et al 2010;Saggurti et al 2008).…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India

Lall

2014

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan AbstractIndia is the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. Previous research indicates that the majority of HIV-positive women in India were infected by their husbands, their only sexual partner, which makes them difficult identify as a high-risk population. This paper seeks to assess social factors associated with the transmission of HIV based on demographic determinants, such as age; sexual behavior; and gendered discrimination, such as domestic violence.Research for this paper consists of secondary statistical analysis of the National Family Health Survey, which collected quantitative data on demographic and socioeconomic determinants for analysis of healthcare, domestic abuse, and emerging health issues. As most participants were tested for HIV as part of the survey, it provides regional estimates of HIV serostatus for the general population in India.Results from the bivariate analyses indicate that for the female participants, socioeconomic status has an association with serostatus, as HIV-positive women were significantly (p<0.001) more likely to have a low level of education than their HIV-negative counterparts. Unexpectedly, female HIV-positive respondents displayed low tendencies toward high-risk sexual behavior, as less than 10% had two or more sexual partners in their lifetime. Finally, they were significantly more likely to have previously...

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Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India

Lall

2014

SSRN Journal

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“…This is comparable to previously obtained measures of HSV-2 prevalence among other pregnant women in India [16,17]. The 6.7% prevalence is lower than the three previously obtained estimates of HSV-2 prevalence in the state of Karnataka, which ranged from 10.9 to 18.9% [20][21][22] although these studies focused on nonpregnant populations. Almost all the women in this study reported having a single sex partner in their lifetime and one woman reported being unmarried.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Rural Mysore Taluk, India

Madhivanan

Bochner

Krupp

et al. 2010

Annals of Epidemiology

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Objectives. To assess the prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections among pregnant women attending mobile antenatal health clinic in rural villages in Mysore Taluk, India. Methods. Between January and September 2009, 487 women from 52 villages participated in this study. Each participant consented to provide a blood sample for HSV-2 and HIV testing and underwent an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results. HSV-2 prevalence was 6.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-9.0), and one woman tested positive for HIV. The median age of women was 20 years and 99% of women reported having a single lifetime sex partner. Women whose sex partner traveled away from home had 2.68 (CI: 1.13-6.34) times the odds of being HSV-2 seropositive compared to women whose sex partner did not travel. Having experienced genital lesions was also associated with HSV-2 infection ( value = 0.08). Conclusion. The 6.7% HSV-2 prevalence was similar to results obtained in studies among pregnant women in other parts of India. It appeared that most women in this study contracted HSV-2 from their spouses and few regularly used condoms. This finding highlights the need for public health policies to increase awareness and education about prevention methods among women and men living in rural India.

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“…The methods used for sampling and data collection were the same in both districts and have been described in detail elsewhere [8]; (http://www.khpt.org/Work%20paper%201. pdf).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Questions were administered by trained interviewers in a face-to-face interview (FTFI) format, and included socio-demographic information, data on types of partnerships, sexual behaviour, STI history, and knowledge and attitudes with respect to HIV/AIDS. Urine and blood specimens were collected from all consenting participants, and subsequently tested anonymously for antibodies to HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis; and for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using nucleic acid amplification tests [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polling Booth Surveys: A Novel Approach for Reducing Social Desirability Bias in HIV-Related Behavioural Surveys in Resource-Poor Settings

Lowndes

Jayachandran²,

Banandur

et al. 2011

AIDS Behav

Self Cite

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This study compared rates of HIV-related sexual risk behaviours reported in individual face-to-face (FTFI) and group anonymous polling booth (PBS) interviews in India. In PBS, respondents grouped by gender and marital status answered yes/no questions by putting tokens with question numbers in colour-coded containers. Data were subsequently collated for each group as a whole, so responses were not traceable back to individuals. Male and female PBS participants reported substantially higher rates of pre-marital, extra-marital, commercial and anal sex than FTFI participants; e.g. 11 vs. 2% married males reported paying for sex; 6 vs. 1% unmarried males reported homosexual anal sex.

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Prevalence and determinants of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a general population-based sample in Mysore district, Karnataka state, southern India

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India

Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India

The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Rural Mysore Taluk, India

Polling Booth Surveys: A Novel Approach for Reducing Social Desirability Bias in HIV-Related Behavioural Surveys in Resource-Poor Settings

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