Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan AbstractIndia is the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. Previous research indicates that the majority of HIV-positive women in India were infected by their husbands, their only sexual partner, which makes them difficult identify as a high-risk population. This paper seeks to assess social factors associated with the transmission of HIV based on demographic determinants, such as age; sexual behavior; and gendered discrimination, such as domestic violence.Research for this paper consists of secondary statistical analysis of the National Family Health Survey, which collected quantitative data on demographic and socioeconomic determinants for analysis of healthcare, domestic abuse, and emerging health issues. As most participants were tested for HIV as part of the survey, it provides regional estimates of HIV serostatus for the general population in India.Results from the bivariate analyses indicate that for the female participants, socioeconomic status has an association with serostatus, as HIV-positive women were significantly (p<0.001) more likely to have a low level of education than their HIV-negative counterparts. Unexpectedly, female HIV-positive respondents displayed low tendencies toward high-risk sexual behavior, as less than 10% had two or more sexual partners in their lifetime. Finally, they were significantly more likely to have previously...

Socioeconomic Factors and Sexual Behavior Associated with HIV Infection in Population, in Kebumen District, Central Java

“…This study was in accordance with a study done by Xu et al (2017), which stated that patients who want to know the status of HIV would be able to live their lives if they have family support and there was no discrimination. The prevalence of HIV infection among MSM who have high selfperceptions for HIV infection encouraged the desire to know the status of HIV (Torres et al, 2017) In a study in India, components of macroeconomic vulnerability showed that educational levels, employment status, HIV awareness, and the area in which they live have an impact on HIV transmission (Lall, 2014). The main factors of people to do VCT test to find out the status of HIV were due to the decreased of physical health, death of a sexual partner or child (Musheke et al, 2013).…”

Improving public health service delivery response to address contraceptive needs of socio-economically disadvantaged HIV positive people in Maharashtra, India

“…This becomes crucial for India as it has an unmet need for family planning (FP) at 13% in the general population with a higher reported need of 17% in PLHIV group [ 11 , 12 ]. Further, women’s socioeconomic status could have an association with their sero-status, as HIV-positive women are significantly more likely to have low levels of education than their HIV-negative counterparts [ 13 ]. Association of socio-economic determinants like age, education, place of residence along with gender-based discrimination and domestic violence faced by Indian women make them vulnerable to both HIV and unintended pregnancies.…”