Prevalence and Determinants of Cryptosporidium Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China

Yang, Ya; Zhou, Yibiao; Cheng, Wan Ling; Pan, Xiang; Xiao, Peng; Shi, Yan; Song, Xiaoyan; Chen, Yue; Jiang, Qingwu

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0732

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Molecular epidemiology study on Cryptosporidium has been conducted in several provinces/ cities/autonomous regions of China, including Guangxi, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Xinjiang and Yunnan, with the prevalence ranging from 0.0 to 16.5% [7, 8, 10-12, 17, 18, 28-30] (Table 3). In the present study, two Cryptosporidium-positive samples were detected based on the SSU rRNA gene, revealing a prevalence of 0.5%, which is lower than that reported previously for a rural population in southwest China (12.6%) and diarrhea patients in Jiangsu (9.9%) and Shanghai (13.5%) [17,18,31]. Comparing with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in humans in other countries, this is lower than that reported for children in Egypt (1.4%), Cambodia (7.7%), and rural Ghana (5.2%) and diarrhea patients in Canada (15.7%) [32][33][34][35], but higher than that reported in a population-based laboratory surveillance in a large Canadian health region (~6.0 per 100,000 members of the population per year) [36].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report of Cryptosporidium viatorum and Cryptosporidium occultus in humans in China, and of the unique novel C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Cryptosporidium is a genus of common intestinal protozoa, members of which cause diarrhea in a wide variety of hosts. Previous studies on Cryptosporidium in China have mainly focused on diarrhea sufferers, children, and immunodeficient individuals such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, the epidemiological characteristics of Cryptosporidium in the population in rural areas remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, Cryptosporidium in rural areas of Binyang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and genetically characterized the Cryptosporidium isolates we obtained.Methods: From August to December 2016, two villages in Binyang County, Guangxi, were sampled using a random cluster sampling method. Fresh fecal samples were collected from all eligible residents (residence time > 6 months). Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium was carried out based on its SSU rRNA, gp60, actin and hsp70 gene sequences. Fisher's exact test were conducted to assess the risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection. Results: A total of 400 fecal samples were collected from 195 males (48.8%) and 205 females (51.2%). Two samples (0.5%) were positive for Cryptosporidium and were identified as C. viatorum and C. occultus respectively. Moreover, a new C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h was identified based on the sequence of the gp 60 gene. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. viatorum and C. occultus infections in humans in China and of C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h. The findings provide important information on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the Chinese population, and expand the range of Cryptosporidium species known to infect people in China.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report of Cryptosporidium viatorum and Cryptosporidium occultus in humans in China, and of the unique novel C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Similar observations have been made in other countries, where Cryptosporidium spp. and C. belli were associated with immunosuppressed people because of HIV, organ transplants or leukemia (22)(23)(24)(25). The results of this study reinforce the knowledge that these parasitosis are opportunistic and endemic in immunosuppressed population (especially among HIV infected), therefore the systematic surveillance of these protozoan is highly recommended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Intestinal apicomplexan parasitoses among a hospital-based population in Honduras, 2013-2019

2021

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Introduction: Intestinal apicomplexa protozoa are a recognized cause of gastroenteritis; they are endemic in Honduras and their epidemiology varies in different population groups. Objective: To identify risk factors for cyclosporiasis, cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis. Materials and methods: A case-control study carried out in a hospital-based population. Diagnosis by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Information was collected from laboratory records and clinical charts. Results: Cyclosporiasis was associated with diarrhea (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.10, 4.89), weight loss (OR=12.7; 95%CI: 2.49, 122.00), watery stools (OR=2.42; 95%CI:1.26, 4.65), infection with another protozoan (OR=3.13; 95%CI:1.66, 5.95). Cryptosporidiosis was associated with HIV infection (OR=15.43; 95%CI:3.34, 71.22), diarrhea (OR=3.52, 95%CI:1.40, 9.40), lymphopenia (OR=6.16, 95%CI:1.99, 18.98), green color stools (OR=3.00; 95%CI:1.23, 7.30). Cystoisosporiasis was associated with HIV infection (OR=11.20; 95%CI:3.53, 35.44), diarrhea (OR=7.30; 95%CI:1.89, 28.52), leukopenia (OR=4.28; 95%CI:1.33, 13.75), green color stools (OR=11.59; 95%CI:1.16, 558.60), Charcot-Leyden crystals (OR=11.59; 95%CI:1.16, 558.60). Conclusions: In this hospital-based population from Honduras, HIV infection was a risk factor for cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis, but not for cyclosporiasis.

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“…One possible reason for the association of Cryptosporidium infection with eating in the school cafeteria was less chance of contact with domestic animals. Raising domestic animals is known as a risk factor for Cryptosporidium infection [ 36 , 37 ]. Another possible reason was that schools had better sanitation facilities and safer water, protecting those students who did not have access to these facilities at home [ 14 , 32 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Cryptosporidium Infections in Elementary School Children in Southwestern China: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Yang

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections pose great public health challenges in school children in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and Cryptosporidium among elementary school children in rural southwestern China. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study involving 321 elementary school children was conducted in 2014 in the southwest of China. They were invited to provide a stool sample and interviewed about the sanitary situation and hygiene behavior. Stool specimens were examined for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura using the Kato-Katz fecal thick-smear technique. The presence of Cryptosporidium was determined using a modified acid-fast staining method. Results: The prevalence of infection was 10.0% (95% CI: 6.9–13.8%) for A. lumbricoides, 25.2% (95% CI: 20.6–30.4%) for T. trichiura and 2.4% for (95% CI: 1.1–4.9%) Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of co-infection was 3.7% (95% CI: 1.9–6.4%) for A. lumbricoides/T. trichiura, 0.3% (95% CI: 0–1.7%) for A. lumbricoides/Cryptosporidium and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2–2.7%) for T. trichiura/Cryptosporidium. Children from households using well or river water were associated with a greater odds of A. lumbricoides infection (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.12–6.05). Having a household lavatory was associated with a lower odds of T. trichiura infection (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.84). Children who had three meals at the school canteen on week days were at a lower risk of Cryptosporidium infection. The use of spring water as a water source was associated with lower odds of any intestinal infection (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.91). Conclusions: Our study calls for an intervention program of school-based deworming combined with health education, hygiene promotion and provision of safe water and improved sanitation.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Cryptosporidium Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

First report of Cryptosporidium viatorum and Cryptosporidium occultus in humans in China, and of the unique novel C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

First report of Cryptosporidium viatorum and Cryptosporidium occultus in humans in China, and of the unique novel C. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

Intestinal apicomplexan parasitoses among a hospital-based population in Honduras, 2013-2019

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Cryptosporidium Infections in Elementary School Children in Southwestern China: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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