Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in rural and urban Cameroonians: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that disproportionally affects people of African ethnicity. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of CKD and albuminuria in urban and rural adults Cameroonians.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 6-month duration (February to July 2014), conducted in the health district of Dschang (Western Region of Cameroon), using a multistage cluster sampling. All adults diagnosed with albuminuria (≥30 mg/g) and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were re-examined three months later. Logistic regression models were used to relate baseline characteristics with prevalent CKD.ResultsWe included 439 participants with a mean age of 47 ± 16.1 years; with 185 (42.1 %) being men and 119 (27.1 %) being urban dwellers. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (25.5 %), diabetes (9.8 %), smoking (9.3 %), alcohol consumption (59.7 %), longstanding use of herbal medicine (90.9 %) and street medications (87.5 %), and overweight/obesity (53.3 %) which were predominant in rural area. The prevalence of CKD was 13.2 % overall, 14.1 % in rural and 10.9 % in urban participants. Equivalents figures for CKD stages G3-G4 and albuminuria were 2.5 %, 1.6 % and 5.0 %; and 12.1 %, 14.1 % and 6.7 % respectively. Existing hypertension and diabetes were associated with all outcomes. Elevated systolic blood pressure and the presence of hypertension and diabetes were the predictors of albuminuria and CKD while urban residence was associated with CKD stages G3-G4.ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD and albuminuria was high in this population, predominantly in rural area, and driven mostly by the commonest risk factors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0111-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence and correlates of chronic kidney disease in a group of patients with hypertension in the Savanah zone of Cameroon: a cross-sectional study in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…Beyond our borders, Sumaili et al (19) and Osafo et al (13) reported significantly higher rates of CKD in hypertensive patients in the forest zones of SSA. The prevalence of CKD is almost three times higher than that of the general community irrespective of the equation used (20)(21)(22). Similarly, we identified advancing age and adiposity as risk factors of CKD as reported in the African literature (12,13,19).…”

Cost of care for patients on maintenance haemodialysis in public facilities in Cameroon

“…The human development indices are poor, with a low gross domestic product of $ 34 billion in 2015 and only 5.1% of the country's budget being spent on health care [13]. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Cameroon is estimated at 10-13.2% [14,15]. Incentre haemodialysis started in the early 1980s and in the last decade much attention has been focused on the treatment of ESRD with the establishment of public haemodialysis centres nationwide [16].…”

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated factors among Patients with Kidney Problems Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Primarily, due to financial reasons the period prevalence of CKD is done by using the serum creatinine level of patients which is done recently among the tests done in the last five years. This in turn affects the reliability of the prevalence obtained as some patients who had a normal creatinine level before two or three years may have elevated or normal status had the test been done during the data collection [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The prevalence of CKD would have been much higher than the result obtained by this study, had the research used current level of creatinine.…”