Prevalence and correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy controls without family history of any mental disorder: A neurodevelopmental variation rather than a specific risk factor?

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos Ν.; Panagiotidis, Panagiotis; Kimiskidis, Vasilios Κ.; Nimatoudis, Ioannis; Gonda, Xénia

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.04.006

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…These results are supported by the concept of staging that assumes a developmental character of the illness (Agius et al, 2010; McGorry et al, 2010; Fountoulakis et al, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c). Additionally, one could say that schizophrenia is characterized by a psychotic, a manic (irritable not euphoric), a depressive, and finally a dementia stage, which is in accord with previous studies that report a strong mood and especially manic component in the psychopathology of schizophrenia (Fountoulakis et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Fountoulakis

Dragioti²,

Antonis

et al. 2019

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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IntroductionA specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method.MethodsTwenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed.ResultsExploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients.DiscussionThis study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Fountoulakis

Dragioti²,

Antonis

et al. 2019

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…A further level of complexity affecting our ability to completely understand neuromotor functioning in the context of neuropsychiatric conditions is reflected in the debate whether poor sensorimotor integration would be specific to psychosis symptom formation, as historically assumed, or independent of such diagnosis [56,57]. More recent research evidence of psychomotor dysfunction in major psychiatric conditions including depression [58,59], anxiety [60], and schizophrenia [61,62], seems to support the hypothesis that such dysfunction might reflect a generalized deficit of neural integration, which is not related to a single condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Control in Childhood: Investigating the Neurodevelopmental Gradient Hypothesis

Zoccante

Ciceri

Chamitava

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have been suggested to lie on a gradient continuum, all resulting from common brain disturbances, but with different degrees of impairment severity. This case-control study aimed to assess postural stability against such hypothesis in 104 children/adolescents aged 5–17, of whom 81 had NDDs and 23 were healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) resulted in the most severely impaired neurodevelopmental condition, followed by Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS). In particular, while ASD children/adolescents performed worse than healthy controls in a number of sensory conditions across all parameters, ADHD children/adolescents performed worse than healthy controls only in the sway area for the most complex sensory conditions, when their vision and somatosensory functions were both compromised, and performance in Tourette Syndrome (TS) was roughly indistinguishable from that of healthy controls. Finally, differences were also observed between clinical groups, with ASD children/adolescents, and to a much lesser extent ADHD children/adolescents, performing worse than TS children/adolescents, especially when sensory systems were not operationally accurate. Evidence from this study indicates that poor postural control may be a useful biomarker for risk assessment during neurodevelopment, in line with predictions from the gradient hypothesis.

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“…There are a few possible exemptions, namely, the groups of Chan, Fountoulakis, and Kodama ( 49 , 57 , 94 ). These researchers sought to shed light on NSS in healthy individuals who were not recruited as controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) in Census-Based, Decade-Adjusted Healthy Adults, 20 to >70 Years of Age

Bachmann

Beck²,

Tsai³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Neurological soft signs (NSS) represent minor neurological features and have been widely studied in psychiatric disease. The assessment is easily performed. Quantity and quality may provide useful information concerning the disease course. Mostly, NSS scores differ significantly between patients and controls. However, literature does not give reference values. In this pilot study, we recruited 120 healthy women and men to build a cross-sectional, census-based sample of healthy individuals, aged 20 to >70 years, subdivided in 10-year blocks for a close approach to the human lifeline. Testing for NSS and neurocognitive functioning was performed following the exclusion of mental and severe physical illness. NSS scores increased significantly between ages 50+ and 60+, which was primarily accountable to motor signs. Gender and cognitive functioning were not related to changes of scores. Although the number of individuals is small, study results may lay a foundation for further validation of NSS in healthy individuals.

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Prevalence and correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy controls without family history of any mental disorder: A neurodevelopmental variation rather than a specific risk factor?

Cited by 14 publications

References 94 publications

Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Postural Control in Childhood: Investigating the Neurodevelopmental Gradient Hypothesis

Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) in Census-Based, Decade-Adjusted Healthy Adults, 20 to >70 Years of Age

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