Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis A among adult drug users: The significance of incarceration and race/ethnicity

Latimer, William W.; Moleko, Anne Gloria; Мельников, А. Н.; Mitchell, Mary M.; Severtson, Stevan G.; Thomsen, Sarah von; Graham, Camelia; Alama, Deanna; Floyd, Leah J.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.041

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, among high-risk populations, this may not be true. In a recent study among high-risk IDUs and noninjection drug users in the Baltimore metropolitan area [ 6 ], HAV prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic whites than African Americans, even after adjusting for gender, age, and education (adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.5). In a pre-vaccination era study, HAV prevalence in African American MSM (16.3%) was lower than in non-Hispanic white MSM (19.7%) [ 7 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis a In African Americansmentioning

confidence: 94%

Viral hepatitis in African Americans

Reid

2008

Curr hepatitis rep

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Section: Hepatitis a In African Americansmentioning

confidence: 94%

Viral hepatitis in African Americans

Reid

2008

Curr hepatitis rep

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“…The present study sample consisted of 552 Black and White drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, from the NEURO-HIV Epidemiologic study [21, 47, 48]. Upon arrival, participants provided informed consent, blood and urine samples, completed the HIV-Risk Behavior Interview – a semi-structured interview about drug use and sexual practices – and performed cognitive assessments described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance profiles by latent classes of drug use

et al. 2014

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Background and Objectives The relationship between substance use and cognitive deficits is complex and requires innovative methods to enhance understanding. The present study is the first to use LCA to examine associations of drug use patterns with cognitive performance. Methods Cocaine/heroin users (N=552) completed questionnaires, and cognitive measures. LCA identified classes based on past-month drug use and adjusted for probabilities of group membership when examining cognitive performance. Latent indicators were: alcohol (ALC), cigarettes (CIG), marijuana (MJ), crack smoking (CS), nasal heroin (NH), injection cocaine (IC), injection heroin (IH), and injection speedball (IS). Age and education were included as covariates in model creation. Results Bootstrap Likelihood Ratio Test (BLRT) supported a 5-class model. Prevalent indicators (estimated probability of over 50%) for each class are as follows: “Older Nasal Heroin/Crack Smokers” (ONH/CS, n=166.9): ALC, CIG, NH, CS; “Older, Less Educated Polysubstance” (OLEP, n=54.8): ALC, CIG, CS, IH, IC, and IS; “Younger Multi-Injectors” (MI, n=128.7): ALC, CIG, MJ, IH, IC, and IS; “Less Educated Heroin Injectors” (LEHI, n=87.4): CIG, IH; and “More Educated Nasal Heroin” users (MENH, n = ALC, CIG, NH). In general, all classes performed worse than established norms and older, less educated classes performed worse, with the exception that MENH demonstrated worse cognitive flexibility than YMI. Discussion and Conclusions This study demonstrated novel applications of a methodology for examining complicated relationships between polysubstance use and cognitive performance. Scientific Significance Education and/or nasal heroin use are associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in this sample of inner city drug users.

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“…The current study used the baseline data from a subset of the 479 female participants included in the NEURO-HIV Epidemiologic Study [36,37]. The study was approved by the University of Florida's Institutional Review Board and has received annual renewals.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Since Release from Incarceration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Women: The Potential Protective Role of Committed Partners During Re-entry

et al. 2014

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After release from incarceration, former female inmates face considerable stressors, which may influence drug use and other risk behaviors that increase risk for HIV infection. Involvement in a committed partnership may protect women against re-entry stressors that may lead to risky behaviors. This study measured the association between time since release from incarceration (1-6 months ago, and >6 months ago versus never incarcerated) and HIV risk behaviors and evaluated whether these associations differed by involvement in a committed partnership. Women released within the past 6 months were significantly more likely to have smoked crack cocaine, used injection drugs and engaged in transactional sex in the past month compared to never-incarcerated women and women released more distally. Stratified analyses indicated that incarceration within the past 6 months was associated with crack cocaine smoking, injection drug use and transactional sex among women without a committed partner yet unassociated with these risk behaviors among those with a committed partner.

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Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis A among adult drug users: The significance of incarceration and race/ethnicity

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Viral hepatitis in African Americans

Viral hepatitis in African Americans

Cognitive performance profiles by latent classes of drug use

Time Since Release from Incarceration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Women: The Potential Protective Role of Committed Partners During Re-entry

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