Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder, self-reported diagnosed depression and current depressive symptoms among adults in Germany

Maske, Ulrike; Buttery, Amanda K.; Beesdo‐Baum, Katja; Riedel‐Heller, Steffi G.; Hapke, Ulfert; Busch, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.006

Cited by 89 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Our results support many previous findings indicating that low objective SES is associated with depressive symptoms and depressive disorders [5–7, 64]. The findings also accord with those of earlier studies suggesting that income is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than is education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Many people who are positively screened on this measure may have subthreshold depressive symptoms [7]. Other limitations arise from the relatively low response rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This socioeconomic gradient does not apply only to physical conditions and mortality, but also to mental health issues. In particular, anxiety and mood disorders, such as depression, are more prevalent in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups [5–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that lower objective socioeconomic status (SES)—as measured by education, occupation, and income—is associated with a higher risk of depression. Less is known, however, about associations between perceptions of social status and the prevalence of depression. This study investigated associations of both objective SES and subjective social status (SSS) with depressive symptoms among adults in Germany.MethodsData were obtained from the 2013 special wave of the German Health Update study, a national health survey of the adult population in Germany. Objective SES was determined using a composite index based on education, occupation, and income. The three single dimensions of the index were also used individually. SSS was measured using the MacArthur Scale, which asks respondents to place themselves on a 10-rung ‘social ladder’. Regression models were employed to examine associations of objective SES and SSS with current depressive symptoms, as assessed with the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8 sum score ≥10).ResultsAfter mutual adjustment, lower objective SES and lower SSS were independently associated with current depressive symptoms. The associations were found in both sexes and persisted after further adjustment for sociodemographic factors, long-term chronic conditions, and functional limitations. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect relationship between objective SES and depressive symptoms through SSS. When the three individual dimensions of objective SES were mutually adjusted, occupation and income were independently associated with depressive symptoms. After additional adjustment for SSS, these associations attenuated but remained significant.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that perceptions of low social status in adults may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression and play a mediating role in the relationship between objective SES and depressive symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to establish the direction of effects and to address questions of causality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Many people who are positively screened on this measure may have subthreshold depressive symptoms [7]. Other limitations arise from the relatively low response rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status

et al. 2017

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“…In many large-scale health surveys, the prevalence of depression is assessed by asking participants whether they have been diagnosed with depression by a health professional in the past 12 months [1–4]. This simple measure has various preconditions such as previous health care utilization of the respondent, reporting depressive symptoms to a health professional, understanding the question asked in the survey, and admitting the diagnosis in the survey interview.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these preconditions, a recent general population survey found that 12-month prevalence estimates based on the respondent’s report of a clinician-diagnosis of depression and an interviewer assessment of major depression with a comprehensive standardized diagnostic interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) were on a similar level [1]. Yet, the overlap of the two measures was only moderate, and, in agreement with previous research [2, 4, 9, 10], prevalence of major depression was highest in younger age adults and of clinician-diagnosed depression in middle-aged and older adults [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respondents’ report of a clinician-diagnosed depression in health surveys: comparison with DSM-IV mental disorders in the general adult population in Germany

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRespondents’ report of a previously diagnosed depression by a health professional is frequently used to estimate depression prevalence. This study contributes to a better understanding of survey results based on this measure by comparing it with a comprehensive standardized diagnostic interview.MethodsData came from the cross-sectional nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) and its mental health module (DEGS1-MH, n = 4483). In DEGS1, participants were asked whether they have been diagnosed with depression by a physician or psychotherapist (last 12-month). DSM-IV-based 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD) and other mental disorders were assessed with the German version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Time lag between both assessments was 6 weeks (median).Results73.4% of participants reporting clinician-diagnosed depression met criteria for any mental disorder in the CIDI (any affective disorder: 51.8%, any anxiety disorder: 54.7%). The proportion of participants reporting a clinician-diagnosed depression who met MDD criteria was highest among those aged 18–29 years (62.6%) and decreased with age (65–79 years: 29.8%). Among participants with MDD, the proportion with clinician-diagnosed depression was 33.0%, highest among those aged 45–64 years (49.3%) and lowest among those aged 18–29 years (22.7%) and 30–44 years (20.3%). MDD severity was positively associated with clinician-diagnosed depression.ConclusionsRespondents’ report of a clinician-diagnosed depression and major depression assessed with the CIDI substantially differ. Concordance of both measures varies with age and severity of depressive symptoms. Health surveys should assess a range of depression indicators in order to cover a wide spectrum.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1203-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Measurement properties of tools used to assess depression in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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Depression is the most commonly experienced mental health condition in adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, it is unclear what tools are currently being used to assess depression in ASC, or whether tools need to be adapted for this group. This systematic review therefore aimed to identify tools used to assess depression in adults with and without ASC, and then evaluate these tools for their appropriateness and measurement properties. Medline, PsychINFO and Web of Knowledge were searched for studies of depression in: (a) adults with ASC, without co‐morbid intellectual disability; and (b) adults from the general population without co‐morbid conditions. Articles examining the measurement properties of these tools were then searched for using a methodological filter in PubMed, and the quality of the evidence was evaluated using the COSMIN checklist. Twelve articles were identified which utilized three tools to assess depression in adults with ASC, but only one article which assessed the measurement properties of one of these tools was identified and thus evaluated. Sixty‐four articles were identified which utilized five tools to assess depression in general population adults, and fourteen articles had assessed the measurement properties of these tools. Overall, two tools were found to be robust in their measurement properties in the general population—the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Crucially only one study was identified from the COSMIN search, which showed weak evidence in support of the measurement properties of the BDI‐II in an ASC sample. Implications for effective measurement of depression in ASC are discussed. Autism Res 2018, 11: 738–754. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryDepression is the most common mental health problem experienced by adults with autism. However, the current study found very limited evidence regarding how useful tools developed for the general population are for adults with autism. We therefore suggest how these tools could be adapted to more effectively assess depression in adults with autism, and improve these individuals access to mental health assessment and support.

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Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder, self-reported diagnosed depression and current depressive symptoms among adults in Germany

Abstract: Background: While standardized diagnostic interviews using established criteria are the

Cited by 89 publications

References 59 publications

Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Respondents’ report of a clinician-diagnosed depression in health surveys: comparison with DSM-IV mental disorders in the general adult population in Germany

Measurement properties of tools used to assess depression in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review

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