Prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Malawi: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2005

Muula, Adamson S; Siziya, Seter; Rudatsikira, Emmanuel

doi:10.4314/thrb.v10i3.14357

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…We found that 14.3% of school-going adolescents in Comoros were smoking cigarettes, with a higher prevalence observed in males than females. Our prevalence was higher than those reported in studies conducted in Ghana(7), Malawi (22), and East African countries(Sudan and South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia) (21,23). On the other hand, our prevalence of current cigarette smoking was lower than the rates reported in Madagascar( 9), Ville du Sud, Cote d'Ivoire (24) and Southeast Nigeria (25).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Tobacco use among School-going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

James

Kassim

Kabba

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundTobacco use among adolescents has long term adverse health consequences, especially during adulthood. Currently, little is known about tobacco use behaviour among adolescents in Comoros. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence and identify key factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents in Comoros using the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.MethodsNational cross-sectional survey data of 2,810 eligible school-going adolescents aged between 11-17 years were analysed. Complex sample logistic regression analyses to determine the correlates of current cigarette smoking and current use of non-cigarette tobacco products.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 14.3% [males (18.5%), females (9.9%)]. The prevalence of current use of non-cigarette tobacco products was 5.8% [males (6.7%), females (4.9%)]. Being male (AOR=2.23;95%CI:1.38-3.59), exposure secondhand smoke within (AOR=3.869;95%CI:2.835-5.280)) and outside their home (AOR= 1.514; 95%CI: 1.100-2.084) and exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=2.986; 95%CI:2.246-3.969) were predictors of current tobacco use among adolescents. Similarly, Exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=.2.669;95%CI:1.610-4.425) were associated with non-cigarette tobacco use. Adolescents exposed to anti-smoking education in schools were less likely to use non-cigarette tobacco (AOR=0.523;95% CI:0.311-0.881) than those not exposed to anti-smoking education in schools.ConclusionOne in seven school-going adolescents smoke cigarettes, and approximately one in 20 school-going adolescents use non-cigarette tobacco products in Comoros. Exposure to secondhand smoke within and outside the home and exposure to tobacco industry promotion were associated with tobacco use in school-going adolescents in Comoros. Our findings suggest the need for adolescent-friendly gender-sensitive tobacco interventions, including strengthening existing tobacco control laws to prevent and reduce tobacco use among school-going adolescents in Comoros.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Tobacco use among School-going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

James

Kassim

Kabba

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…e.g., ultrasonographic fetal measurements 31 ) were available; the results are generalizable only to ART-naïve HIV-infected women, with normal blood pressure, who delivered in a hospital. Finally, cigarette smoking, a known LBW and PTD risk factor, was not assessed; however, estimates suggest that less than 10% of the adult population in Malawi smoke cigarettes 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Maternal HIV-1 Disease Is Associated With Adverse Birth Outcomes in Malawian Women

Turner¹,

Tabbah²,

Mwapasa³

et al. 2013

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Compared to HIV-negative women, HIV-infected women have increased risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD). We assessed whether severity of maternal HIV-1 disease was associated with LBW or PTD. Methods Secondary analysis of The Malaria and HIV in Pregnancy prospective cohort, which enrolled HIV-positive, pregnant Malawian women from 2000–2004. Included participants (n=809) were normotensive, antiretroviral treatment naïve women who delivered a live, singleton infant. Binomial regression models were used to assess the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the effect of severity of HIV-1 disease, defined by viral load and CD4-positive T-cell counts, on prevalence of LBW and PTD. Results In unadjusted analyses, among those with malaria (n=198), there was no association between severity of HIV-1 infection and LBW, while among women without malaria (n=611), we observed a harmful association between both increasing peripheral viral load and LBW (PR: 1.44 per one-log10 increase, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.86) and placental viral load and LBW (PR: 1.24 per one-log10 increase, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.53). We observed a similar association between increasing placental viral load and PTD (PR: 1.33 per one-log10 increase, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.69). These associations persisted in multivariate models adjusted for residence, maternal education, primigravid status, and maternal anemia. Conclusions In malaria-negative women, maternal HIV-1 disease severity was significantly associated with increased prevalence of LBW and PTD. Such an association was not found in the malaria-infected women.

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“…Almost 20% of secondary school students were reported to currently use tobacco worldwide, and almost 10% were current smokers [ 16 ]. African studies have shown the prevalence of tobacco smoking among school-going adolescents to range from 2.5% in Malawi [ 17 ] to 27% in rural Zambia [ 18 ]. The use of adolescent smokeless tobacco was also found to be high (18%) in the Democratic Republic of Congo [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in tobacco use by adolescents in southeast, Nigeria using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) approach

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTobacco use during adolescence is a substantial problem and adolescents are at higher risk of addiction and prolonged use. To reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, monitoring of adolescent tobacco use is imperative. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in urban and rural secondary schools in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 4332 adolescents in 8th to 10th grades in 25 urban and 24 rural secondary schools in Enugu, Nigeria was done using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology. Students were asked about previous and current tobacco use, smoking cessation, and susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers. Geographical, age and sex prevalence differences were examined. Analyses were performed for all adolescents (10–19 years) and for a subset of students, 13–15 years of age for comparison with previous GYTS surveys. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design and for differential non-response at school, class and student levels.ResultsAbout 28.9% of students reported ever smoking cigarettes; 19.4% reported current tobacco use among all adolescents (13.3, 5.8 and 7.8% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco, respectively) while 18.6% reported current tobacco use among 13–15 year olds (12.6, 5.2 and 7.5% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco and smokeless tobacco respectively). Prevalence of all types of tobacco use was higher in rural schools (vs. urban schools), and among boys (vs. girls). Susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers was 9.3% (95% CI: 8.1–10.7) among all adolescents, and 9% (95% CI: 7.6–10.7) among 13–15 year olds. About 88.1% of all adolescent smokers desired to quit and 57.9% of them had never received help to quit smoking.ConclusionsNearly one in every five school-going adolescents currently uses at least one type of tobacco in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Prevalence of tobacco use is higher in rural schools and among boys in this setting. Most adolescent current smokers desire to quit and need smoking cessation support.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5231-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Malawi: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2005

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Tobacco use among School-going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Tobacco use among School-going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Severity of Maternal HIV-1 Disease Is Associated With Adverse Birth Outcomes in Malawian Women

Disparities in tobacco use by adolescents in southeast, Nigeria using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) approach

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