Disparities in tobacco use by adolescents in southeast, Nigeria using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) approach

Abstract

BackgroundTobacco use during adolescence is a substantial problem and adolescents are at higher risk of addiction and prolonged use. To reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, monitoring of adolescent tobacco use is imperative. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in urban and rural secondary schools in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 4332 adolescents in 8th to 10th grades in 25 urban and 24 rural secondary schools in Enugu, Nigeria was done using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology. Students were asked about previous and current tobacco use, smoking cessation, and susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers. Geographical, age and sex prevalence differences were examined. Analyses were performed for all adolescents (10–19 years) and for a subset of students, 13–15 years of age for comparison with previous GYTS surveys. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design and for differential non-response at school, class and student levels.ResultsAbout 28.9% of students reported ever smoking cigarettes; 19.4% reported current tobacco use among all adolescents (13.3, 5.8 and 7.8% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco, respectively) while 18.6% reported current tobacco use among 13–15 year olds (12.6, 5.2 and 7.5% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco and smokeless tobacco respectively). Prevalence of all types of tobacco use was higher in rural schools (vs. urban schools), and among boys (vs. girls). Susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers was 9.3% (95% CI: 8.1–10.7) among all adolescents, and 9% (95% CI: 7.6–10.7) among 13–15 year olds. About 88.1% of all adolescent smokers desired to quit and 57.9% of them had never received help to quit smoking.ConclusionsNearly one in every five school-going adolescents currently uses at least one type of tobacco in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Prevalence of tobacco use is higher in rural schools and among boys in this setting. Most adolescent current smokers desire to quit and need smoking cessation support.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5231-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dose–Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China

“…Therefore, results from this study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal study. Secondly, smoking in previous studies was defined as “smoking 1 day or more within the past 30 days” or “smoking 1 cigarette or more within the past 7 days” [ 46 , 47 ]. However, smoking in this study was defined as “a history of smoking more than 100 cigarettes during the participant’s lifetime”, which is consistent with other previous studies but may underestimate the true prevalence of smokers [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Predictors of current tobacco smoking by adolescents in Nigeria: Interaction between school location and socioeconomic status

“…Details of the study design and procedure have been described elsewhere 15 . In brief, this study was carried out in urban and rural secondary schools in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) design.…”

“…A sample of 80 students was sought in each school, corresponding to 2000 students per stratum. A pretested self-administered questionnaire (Supplementary file) adapted from GYTS Core Questionnaire 15,16 was used to collect data without identifiers, from November to December, 2015.…”

Psychoactive Substance Use among Nigerian Secondary School Students: A Review of Current Literature

“…Seven articles measured tobacco or cigarette use (Arute et al, 2015;Chinawa et al, 2014;Itanyi et al, 2018;Odukoya et al, 2013;Okagua et al, 2016;Raji et al, 2018), one article measured both alcohol and tobacco use (Olugbenga-Bello et al, 2014), and eight studies measured the use of any of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and cannabis as psychoactive substance use (Alex-Hart et al, 2015;Atoyebi & Atoyebi, 2013;Famuyiwa et al, 2011;Idowu et al, 2018;Igwe, 2009;Manyike et al, 2016;Ogunsola & Fatusi, 2017;Oshodi et al, 2010).…”

“…Four authors used a modified World Health Organization (WHO) Student Drug Use questionnaire as their data collection tool (Igwe, 2009;Manyike et al, 2016;Ogunsola & Fatusi, 2017;Oshodi et al, 2010). Four authors used the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire to collect data on tobacco consumption (Itanyi et al, 2018;Odukoya et al, 2013;Okagua et al, 2016;Raji et al, 2013). One author used the Health Kids Colorado Questionnaire (Chinawa et al, 2014).…”