Prevalence and control of high blood pressure in primary care-results from the German metabolic and cardiovascular risk study (GEMCAS)

Balijepalli, Chakrapani; Bramlage, Peter; Lösch, Christian; Zemmrich, Claudia; Humphries, Karin H.; Moebus, Susanne

doi:10.1038/hr.2014.40

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Of the five diseases under evaluation, hypertension had the highest prevalence with 6.1%. This is in sharp contrast to Balijepalli et al [ 24 ], who stated that 54.8% of adult primary care attendees suffer from high blood pressure. The primary care setting may be too restrictive.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

EQ-5D-5L in the General German Population: Comparison and Evaluation of Three Yearly Cross-Section Surveys

Huber

Reitmeir

Vogelmann³

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key measure for evaluating health status in populations. Using the recent EQ-5D-5L for measurement, this study analyzed quality of life results and their stability over consecutive population surveys. Three cross-section surveys for representative samples of the general German population from 2012, 2013, and 2014 were evaluated using the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and valuation by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Aggregated sample size reached 6074. The dimension with the highest prevalence of problems was pain/discomfort (31.7%). Compared with 2012 (59.3%), the percentage of participants in the best health state increased slightly in 2013 (63.4%) and 2014 (62%). Over the 3-year period, diabetes and heart disease had the strongest negative influence on mean VAS result. The number of reported chronic diseases cumulatively reduced mean VAS. Extreme problems in one or more dimensions were stated by only 0.1%–0.2% of patients. Of the potential 247 health states with a problem score ≥20, only six were observed in the aggregated sample. HRQoL results were fairly stable over the 3 years, but the share of the population with no problems was not. Results from the aggregated sample may serve as updated reference values for the general German population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

EQ-5D-5L in the General German Population: Comparison and Evaluation of Three Yearly Cross-Section Surveys

Huber

Reitmeir

Vogelmann³

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Cross-sectional studies have shown the role of weight [39, 40] and lifestyle modification [41] on BP control. One recent study showed that weight gain, elevated baseline LDL cholesterol, and no reduction in fasting glucose were predictors for failing to maintain BP goals [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in our study, no cardiometabolic or behavioral factors were associated with BP control. In addition, being male was the only socio-demographic associated with uncontrolled BP in our study [36, 40, 41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Associated With Antihypertensive Treatment and Blood Pressure Control: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study in Peru

Zavala-Loayza

Benziger

Cárdenas

et al. 2016

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Background Over a quarter of the world’s adult population has hypertension, yet achieving adequate treatment or control targets remain a challenge. Objective To identify, longitudinally, characteristics associated with antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure (BP) control among individuals with hypertension. Methods Data from individuals enrolled in the population-based CRONICAS Cohort Study (adults ≥35 years, living in four different rural/urban and coastal/high-altitude Peruvian settings) with hypertension at baseline was used. Antihypertensive treatment and BP control were assessed at baseline and at 15 months. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate relative-risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of factors associated with antihypertensive treatment and BP control at follow-up. Results At baseline, among 717 individuals with hypertension (53% female, mean age 61.5±12.4 years), 28% were unaware of their hypertension status, 30% were aware but untreated, 16% were treated but uncontrolled, and 26% were treated and controlled. At follow-up, 89% of unaware and 82% of untreated individuals persisted untreated, and only 58% of controlled individuals remained controlled. Positive predictors of receiving treatment at follow-up included age (RRR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.91 for every 5 years) and family history of a chronic disease (RRR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.92, vs. no history); whereas Puno rural site (RRR 16.51, 95% CI: 1.90–143.56, vs. Lima) and male sex (RRR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.54–4.36) were risk factors. Systolic BP at baseline (RRR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.16–1.39 for every 5 mmHg) and male sex (RRR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–2.98) were risk factors for being uncontrolled at follow-up. Conclusion Large gaps in treatment of hypertension were observed. Targeting specific populations such as men, younger individuals or those without family history of disease may increase coverage of antihypertensive treatment. Also, targeting male individuals or those with higher systolic BP could yield better rates of BP control in the short term.

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“…However, the percentage of hypertensive patients achieving the target BP level is low, and according to the report of the Japan Guideline Assessment Panel-2, only approximately 50% of patients receiving antihypertensive treatment achieve the target BP level defined by JSH2014. 11 , 12 A possible reason for the low target BP achievement is low patient adherence to antihypertensive treatment. 13 Therefore, in daily clinical practice, it is important for physicians to make patients understand their own risk and to motivate patients to adhere to the treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic prediction model and risk assessment chart for cardiovascular disease based on on-treatment blood pressure and baseline risk factors

Teramukai

Okuda

Miyazaki³

et al. 2015

Hypertens Res

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For patients with hypertension, an individual risk prediction tool for cardiovascular disease based on on-treatment blood pressure is needed and would be useful. The objective of this study was to establish a 3-year risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease based on data from 13 052 patients with no history of cardiovascular disease in the Olmesartan Mega study to determine the relationship between Cardiovascular Endpoints and Blood Pressure Goal Achievement study. To develop dynamic prediction models including on-treatment blood pressure, a Cox proportional hazard model using the sliding landmarking method with three landmark points (6, 12 and 18 months from baseline) was used. The prediction model included blood pressure (<130/85 mm Hg, ⩾130/85 to <140/90 mm Hg, ⩾140/90 to <160/100 mm Hg and ⩾160/100 mm Hg) as a time-dependent covariate and well-known baseline risk factors (sex, age, smoking, family history of coronary artery disease and diabetes) as covariates. The 3-year risk assessment chart was constructed using the combination of all risk factors in the prediction model, and six different colors were displayed on each chart corresponding to the predicted probability of cardiovascular disease. Judging from the chart, if an elderly man with diabetes and other risk factors had a blood pressure of <130/85 mm Hg at 6 months, the risk of cardiovascular disease would be 8.0%, whereas the risk would be 8.6% if he had a blood pressure of ⩾130/85 to <140/90 mm Hg. The risk assessment chart developed from the large-scale observational study data would help physicians to more easily assess the cardiovascular disease risk for hypertensive patients on antihypertensive treatments.

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Prevalence and control of high blood pressure in primary care-results from the German metabolic and cardiovascular risk study (GEMCAS)

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

EQ-5D-5L in the General German Population: Comparison and Evaluation of Three Yearly Cross-Section Surveys

EQ-5D-5L in the General German Population: Comparison and Evaluation of Three Yearly Cross-Section Surveys

Characteristics Associated With Antihypertensive Treatment and Blood Pressure Control: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study in Peru

Dynamic prediction model and risk assessment chart for cardiovascular disease based on on-treatment blood pressure and baseline risk factors

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