Prevalence and causes of blindness in the northern Transvaal.

Bucher, P. J. M.; IJsselmuiden, Carel

doi:10.1136/bjo.72.10.721

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…17 At any given intra ocular pressure level greater pressure is exerted on large rather than small optic discs. 2,18 Large optic disc have been observed in normal, 18,19 post mortem 20 and glaucomatous eyes of blacks. 21 The IOP at presentation was high in most of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. [2][3][4] Glaucoma is always under reported in surveys probably due to different criteria used in definition, testing method used and criteria for making a diagnosis of POAG. 10 Of an estimate of 66.8 million affected, 33.1 million have POAG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. [2][3][4] In a population survey of Dambatta district of Kano state, 15% of those blind and 7% of those severely visually impaired had glaucoma. 5 POAG is commoner in blacks as it occurred in 1 in 11 people above the age of 50 years, and 1 in 6 above the age of 70 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of presentation and outcome of surgical management of primary open angle glaucoma in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Abdu

2007

Ann Afr Med

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Background: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness. Unlike blindness from cataracts, glaucomatous optic nerve damage is irreversible, and prevention of glaucoma is one of the priorities of World Health Organization (WHO) Vision 2020 program. POAG is the commonest type of glaucoma and affects about 33.1 million people worldwide. This study is a five year review of 71 eyes of 63 patients who had trabeculectomy. The study evaluates the pattern of presentation and modality of surgical treatment in our environment. Methods: Records of all patients with primary open angle glaucoma operated over a five year period was retrieved. Information extracted included patients bio data, visual acuity, gonioscopic findings, intra ocular pressure as measured with applanation tonometer before and after surgery, and recorded in mmHg. Perimetry was done with 2 m tangent screen and recorded in a perimetry chart. All the patients had trabeculectomy with application of anti metabolite (5fluorouracil). Extra capsular cataract extraction with or, without posterior chamber intra ocular lens implantation was done on 13 patients. Biometry was not done on patients with cataract. Surgery was done on better eye first in all patients. Results: There were 71 eyes of 63 patients. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The age ranged between 18 to 75 years. 8 patients were below the age of 30 years. One third of the patients were between the ages of 50 to 59 years. At presentation 12 patients (19%) had normal vision (WHO vision category O), 26 patients (41%) were visually impaired, 12 patients (19%) were severely visually impaired and 13 patients (21%) were blind (from co existing cataracts). The cup disc(c: d) ratio assessed before surgery was 0.5 in 9 eyes (13%), 31 eyes (53%) had c: d ratio 0.6 to 0.8 and 18 eyes had c: d ratio of 0.9. All the patients had open anterior chamber angles (Schafer grade 3 and 4). Perimetric changes were; mild peripheral constriction in 5 eyes (8%), peripheral constriction with arcuate scotoma in 19 eyes (26%), constricted fields of 30°or less in 34 eyes (48%), and in 13 eyes there was inability to fixate on target. IOP before surgery was 21 to 30 mm Hg in 12 eyes (17%), and above 31 mm Hg in 69 eyes (83%). Post operative IOP of 10 to 15 mm Hg was obtained in 58 eyes (82%) and 11 eyes (15%) had IOP of 16 to 20 mm Hg. Only 2 eyes (3%) had IOP in the lower twenties. Conclusion:Primary open angle glaucoma is characterized by late presentation. Trabeculectomy with application of 5FU is the surgical treatment of choice in our environment and give good intra ocular pressure control. There is need to increase public awareness on glaucoma to limit this type of avoidable blindness. Key words: Glaucoma, late presentation, avoidable blindness,tTrabeculectomyResume Introduction: Angle d'ouverture du glaucome primaire (AOGP) est l'une des causes principales de la cécité évitable. Contrairement à la cécité de la cataracte dégât au glaucomateuses nerf optique est irréversible, et ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of presentation and outcome of surgical management of primary open angle glaucoma in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Abdu

2007

Ann Afr Med

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“…It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide (Bucher and Ijsselmuiden, 1988;Goldberg, 2000). The number of people affected by primary glaucoma varies in different reports.…”

Section: Introduction To Aqueous Humor Outflow Glaucoma and Cochlinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cochlin in the eye: Functional implications

Picciani

Desai

Guduric-Fuchs

et al. 2007

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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Aqueous humor is actively produced in the ciliary epithelium of the anterior chamber and has important functions for the eye. Under normal physiological conditions, the inflow and outflow of the aqueous humor are tightly regulated, but in the pathologic state this balance is lost. Aqueous outflow involves structures of the anterior chamber and experiences most resistance at the level of the trabecular meshwork (TM) that acts as a filter. The modulation of the TM structure regulates the filter and its mechanism remains poorly understood. Proteomic analyses have identified cochlin, a protein of poorly understood function, in the glaucomatous TM but not in healthy control TM from human cadaver eyes. The presence of cochlin has subsequently been confirmed by Western and immunohistochemical analyses. Functionally, cochlin undergoes multimerization induced by shear stress and other changes in the microenvironment. Cochlin along with mucopolysaccharide deposits have been found in the TM of glaucoma patients and in the inner ear of subjects affected by the hearing disorder DNFA9, a late onset, progressive disease that also involves alterations in fluid shear regimes. In vitro, cochlin induces aggregation of primary TM cells suggesting a role in cell adhesion, possibly in mechanosensation, and in modulation of the TM filter.

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“…Em outros países aparece também a atrofia óptica (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) com frequên-cias variando de 12,2 a 19,1%, portanto muito semelhante a encontrada no presente estudo. O glaucoma congênito também aparece como uma causa importante de cegueira ou baixa visão em todo o mundo, com frequências variando de 6 a 22% e a retinose pigmentar de 7 e 26% (14)(15)(16)(17)20) . Na literatura internacional a catarata (congênita ou não congênita) e cicatrizes corneanas (14)(15)(16)(17) aparecem como importantes causas, mas apenas a catarata congênita foi relevante no presente estudo.…”

Section: Características E Análise Dos Pacientes Empregadosunclassified