Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives. (1) To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and (2) to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. Methods and Materials. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi. A modified WHO STEPS interview schedule on 640 study subjects aged 25–64 years was used. Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9% (male: 40.9%, female: 26.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 124.25 ± 15.05 mmHg and 83.45 ± 9.49 mmHg, respectively. Higher odds of being hypertensive were found in male subjects, eldest age group, married subjects, subjects of upper socioeconomic status, illiterate subjects, and retired subjects. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were also associated with hypertension. Out of the total hypertensive 211 subjects, only 81 (38.4%) were aware about their hypertension status; out of those, 57 (70.4%) were seeking treatment and 20 (35.08%) had their blood pressure adequately controlled. Conclusion. Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive and half of the study subjects were prehypertensive in this area. The awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure were also very low.

A study of prevalence of hypertension and socio-demographic factors in urban slum, Maharashtra

“…Among them 81% of hypertensive were already diagnosed to have HTN while 19% were newly detected hypertensive according to JNC VIII criteria. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the present study (30.5%) was lower compared to study conducted in Raichur by Chethana et al 2,4,6 The prevalence was higher in comparison with the prevalence reported in study conducted by Bhardwaj et al in Nagpur as well as studies done by Mohan in Chennai and By Kaur et al in South India. [7][8][9] Female exhibit higher prevalence of hypertension than their male counterparts (F: 53.6% and M: 46.4%).…”

“…While studies done in Varanasi by Singh et al and by Singh in Rewa showed prevalence is more in males than females. 4,10 Higher prevalence in females is found in study conducted by Reddy et al on Indian industrial population. 11 This may contribute to exposure of more female population while doing survey, as male members were out of house for working purpose during our visit hours.…”

“…In 2025, adults with hypertension is estimated to be increased to 1.56 billion. 4 In both developed and developing countries, the major public health problem is hypertension, in continuation with this now a days we can ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posting a major public health problem of the world and especially to population in socio-economic and epidemiological transition. Around 7.5 million deaths or 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths worldwide occur due to high blood pressure.…”

Diagnosing Hypertension Among Adults; A Study Based on Prevention-Management of Primary and Secondary Hypertension

“…Evidence from the literature identifies hypertension as a significant public health concern, given its increased prevalence across the world (Ahmed et al, 2014;Abebe et al, 2015;Lasisi, Abiona, & Gureje, 2010;Mendis, 2010). Singh, Shankar, and Singh (2017) noted that hypertension accounts for 7.5 million deaths globally, as a result of increased blood pressure. Common causes of death due to hypertension include heart disease, strokes, and frequent renal failure.…”

Assessment of Blood Pressure in School Going Overweight Adolescents

“…A number of studies have been done in this global concern. A research done in the city Varanasi by Singh et al [5] as per census 2011, which is a community, based crosssectional study among 640 people aged between 25 to 64 years. According to Body Mass Index (BMI) values, study subjects either overweight or obese are more than one-third.…”