Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Assem, Abel Sinshaw; Tegegne, Mebratu Mulusew; Fekadu, Sofonias Addis

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248936

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Medical students who had a positive family history of myopia in at least one person in their family were 2.31 times more likely to develop myopia compared with those who had no family history of myopia. This finding was consistent with other cross-sectional studies conducted in Pakistan, 47 China 26 and India 48 and several school-based studies in Gondar, Bahir Dar 14 , 22 and China. 49–51 This might be because of the hereditary predisposition of myopia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Myopia: An Increasing Problem for Medical Students at the University of Gondar

Berhane¹,

Demilew²,

Assem³

2022

OPTH

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among medical students at the University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northwest Ethiopia. Patients and Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences from June 20 to August 15, 2021. A simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used to select 492 students. Interviewer-administered questionnaire, Snellen acuity chart, pinhole, retinoscope and direct ophthalmoscope were used to collect the data. The data were entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized by measures of central tendency. Variables with p-value ≤0.2 in bivariable regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used and variables with p-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 492 respondents participated giving a response rate of 98.3%. The prevalence of myopia was found to be 16.7% (95% CI = 12.8–19.4%). Urban residents (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.28–6.21), family history of myopia (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.33–4.54), near-work activity of 5–7 hours (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.31–5.76) and ≥8 hours (AOR = 4.35; 95% CI: 1.96–9.66), outdoor activity for <3 hours (AOR = 1.65 95% CI: (1.14–4.53), were significantly associated with myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among medical students at the University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences was high. Urban residency, positive family history, longer time spent on near-work activities and less outdoor activity were positively associated with myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Compared with other school-based studies previously done in Gondar 11.9%, 14 Bahir Dar8.49%, 22 Welkite 6.5%, 29 Nigeria 7.5% 30 and South Africa 5%, 31 the reported prevalence in the present study was higher. The variation might be due to the differences in the extent of exposure to risk factors of myopia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Myopia: An Increasing Problem for Medical Students at the University of Gondar

Berhane¹,

Demilew²,

Assem³

2022

OPTH

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“…Heterogeneity: I 2 = 99%, τ 2 = 0.0148, p = 0 Wedner et al (2002) 72 Kawuma and Mayeku (2002) 76 Kassa and Alene (2003) 49 75 Ovenseri−Ogbomo and Omuemu (2010) 40 Ovenseri−Ogbomo and Assien (2010) 43 Yared et al (2012) 47 Jimenez et al (2012) 65 Mehari and Yimer (2013) 48 Kumah et al (2013) 42 Rushood et al (2013) 66 Saa et al ( 2013) 73 Kedir and Girma (2014) 46 Mohamed et al (2014) 20 Yamamah et al (2015) 60 Soler et al (2015) 74 Nakua et al (2015) 41 Semanyenzi et al (2015) 68 Abdul−Kabir et al ( 2016) 38 Nartey et al ( 2016) 39 Alrasheed et al ( 2016) 67 Chebil et al (2016) 69 Elmajri (2017) 70 Atowa et al (2017) 51 Wajuihian et al (2017) 58 Ngozika Ezinne et al (2018) 55 Arafa et al (2019) 61 Ebri et al (2019) 54 Ragot et al (2020) 62 Ogbonna (2020) 52 Gessesse and Teshome (2020) 45 Ahmed et al (2020) 71 Magakwe et al (2020) 59 Ezegwui et al (2021) 53 Asare and Morjaria (2021) 44 Assem et al (2021) 50…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kobia‐Acquah

Flitcroft

Akowuah

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To provide contemporary and future estimates of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa. Methods A systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on childhood (≤18 years) myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.50D; high myopia: SE ≤ −6.00D) in Africa. Population‐ or school‐based cross‐sectional studies published from 1 Jan 2000 to 30 May 2021 were included. Meta‐analysis using Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia. Myopia prevalence from subgroup analyses for age groups and settings were used as baseline for generating a prediction model using linear regression. Results Forty‐two studies from 19 (of 54) African countries were included in the meta‐analysis (N = 737,859). Overall prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.3%–6.5%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%–1.1%), respectively. Estimated prevalence across the African regions was highest in the North (6.8% [95% CI: 4.0%–10.2%]), followed by Southern (6.3% [95% CI: 3.9%–9.1%]), East (4.7% [95% CI: 3.1%–6.7%]) and West (3.5% [95% CI: 1.9%–6.3%]) Africa. Prevalence from 2011 to 2021 was approximately double that from 2000 to 2010 for all studies combined, and between 1.5 and 2.5 times higher for ages 5–11 and 12–18 years, for boys and girls and for urban and rural settings, separately. Childhood myopia prevalence is projected to increase in urban settings and older children to 11.1% and 10.8% by 2030, 14.4% and 14.1% by 2040 and 17.7% and 17.4% by 2050, respectively; marginally higher than projected in the overall population (16.4% by 2050). Conclusions Childhood myopia prevalence has approximately doubled since 2010, with a further threefold increase predicted by 2050. Given this trajectory and the specific public health challenges in Africa, it is imperative to implement basic myopia prevention programmes, enhance spectacle coverage and ophthalmic services and generate more data to understand the changing myopia epidemiology to mitigate the expanding risk of the African population.

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“…Sixty-one full-text articles were assessed for eligibility based on the consideration criteria. Of those articles, 31 were found to be irrelevant for this review 12–42. Two articles that were done using non-probability sampling technique43 44 were excluded due to the concern that they may reduce the success of the study outcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022

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Blindness is defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60 in the better eye. Its highest proportion has been conforming to the developing countries such as Ethiopia. So, timely information is crucial to design strategies. However, the study on the magnitude of blindness in Ethiopia was outdated which means it was conducted in 2005–2006. Therefore, this study was proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia.Databases like PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and references of retrieved articles were used to search for articles. A standard data extraction approach was employed and presented using Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Analysis held using STATA V.11. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were applied to check for the potential sources of bias. Heterogeneity among the studies was tested using I² statistics that have been calculated and compared with the standard. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were done to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Estimation of blindness was carried out using Duval and Twee die’s trim and fill analysis. The pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia is found to be 1.18% (95% CI 0.650% to 1.706%). Blindness is among the main public health difficulties in Ethiopia. So, it demands up-to-date strategies and its implementation, preventive and curative eye care service with affordable and accessible interventions, and evidence-based advocacy. The trial Registration Number is CRD42021268448.

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Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Myopia: An Increasing Problem for Medical Students at the University of Gondar

Myopia: An Increasing Problem for Medical Students at the University of Gondar

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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