Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Civil Servants Working in Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia

Abstract

Despite Hypertension is a global public health challenge and a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death attention was not given in developing countries. Therefore measuring the prevalence and identifying predictors of Hypertension is very important. Institution based cross sectional study design was employed from March-April, 2016 by taking 319 randomly selected civil servants working in in Arba Minch town. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and standardized instruments for physical examination by 5 trained nurses. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Bi-variable and Multivariate logistic regression was employed for analysis of risk factors. The mean SBP and DBP of study participants were 120.87 + 14.15 mmHg and 80.28 + 8.8 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 27.8% (95% CI = 22.9-32.7%). Civil servants of age 50 years and above and family history of hypertension [AOR = 5.6] were found to be significantly associated with hypertension. The prevalence indicates that it is hidden epidemic in this population; therefore for screening and risk reduction program are needed.

Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Overall, a total number of 51,427 study participants who are older than 18 years included for this review. The minimum and maximum sample sizes were 306 and 9788 respectively [ 22 , 23 ]. A minimum of (7.47%) and maximum of (41.90%) prevalence of hypertension were reported from the studies conducted in the Oromia region [ 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Five regions and two city administrations (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa) were represented for this review. Seven from Amhara Region [ 26 – 32 ], eight from Oromia Region [ 24 , 25 , 33 – 38 ], six from South National and Nationalities of People’s Region (SNNPR) [ 22 , 39 – 43 ], four from Tigray Region [ 44 – 47 ], three from Somali Region [ 48 – 50 ], eight from Addis Ababa [ 51 – 58 ], two from Dire Dawa [ 37 ] and one national study in Ethiopia [ 23 ] were included. No studies reviewed from Gambela, Afar, Benishangul Gumez, and Harari Regional states of Ethiopia ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Fifteen [ 22 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 59 ] studies were included to identify the association between sex and hypertension. Five of these studies [ 22 , 26 , 28 , 33 , 59 ] had no statistically significant association between sex and hypertension. From random effects model estimate, the pooled odds of developing hypertension among males were 29% more likely to develop hypertension than females (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61); with statistically significant heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 81.3%, P-value < 0.001) ( Fig 6 ).…”

“…A total of eighteen [ 22 , 25 , 27 – 29 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 40 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 49 – 51 , 55 , 56 ] studies included to estimate the association between BMI and hypertension. The results of the test statistics indicate that significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (I 2 = 95.41%, P-value < 0.001).…”

“…The pooled effects between khat chewing and hypertension was assessed using ten studies [ 22 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 55 , 57 ]. Among the included studies, six [ 22 , 24 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 48 ] of them reported that khat chewing has not a statistically significant association with hypertension. Based on Egger’s test there was no publication bias (P-value = 0.498).…”