Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and IntroductionThe global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising. It is estimated that almost 285 million people are currently suffering from diabetes worldwide and the number is expected to rise to 438 million by the year 2030; more than 70% of these people reside in developing countries [1]. Similarly, depression affects all populations worldwide, but more than two-thirds of the affected people live in developing countries [2]. Both diabetes and depression are associated with premature morbidity and mortality, and when these conditions co-exist, the risk of developing co-morbidities, complications, patient suffering and associated cost, escalates [3,4].Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world. Depressive disorders often start at a young age; they reduce people's functioning and often are recurring. For these reasons, depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide in terms of total years lost due to disability. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration. Moreover, depression often comes with symptoms of anxiety. These problems can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual's ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities [5]. Moreover, depression is independently associated with increased chronic complication among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Depression has been found to be associated with a negative impact among patients with diabetes mellitus. Despite their known effect on the population, there is no data available in the study area. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Ambo General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Method Study setting and populationThe study was a cross sectional design, conducted from April to Abstract Background: Both diabetes and depression are associated with premature morbidity and mortality, and when these conditions co-exist, the risk of developing co-morbidities, complications, patient suffering and associated cost, escalates.

The Prevalence of Depression among Diabetic Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2018

“…The studies were conducted from 2013 to 2017 in different regions of the country. Among 9 studies two of them [ 20 , 31 ] were conducted in Addis Ababa, three study [ 18 , 32 , 33 ] were in Amhara region, two studies [ 12 , 19 ] were in Oromia region, and the other two studies [ 34 , 35 ] were in other regions of the country. All studies were cross-sectional study conducted among adult diabetic patients in Ethiopia.…”

“…All studies were cross-sectional study conducted among adult diabetic patients in Ethiopia. The study with minimum and maximum sample size was conducted in Amhara and Oromia region, respectively [ 12 , 32 ]. In addition, out of all studies enrolled in this meta-analysis six studies [ 12 , 18 , 31 , 33 – 35 ] were conducted among both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients while the remaining four studies [ 1 , 32 ] were conducted only among type 2 diabetic patients ( Table 1 ).…”

“…The presence of depression in diabetic patients worsens the prognosis of diabetes, increases the noncompliance to the medical treatment, decreases the quality of life, and increases mortality. Moreover, the burden of depression in patients with diabetes is linked with increased diabetes complications, high mortality rates, and poor quality of life [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Diabetes Patients in East Shewa, Ethiopia: Bayesian Approach

“…Various studies have documented that factors associated with depression among diabetes patients using the classical logistic regression. Risk factors were age [ 10 , 15 , 34 ], gender [ 14 , 15 , 35 – 38 ], marital status [ 15 , 35 , 37 , 39 ], educational status [ 34 , 37 , 40 ], hazardous drinking [ 38 , 39 ], medication adherence [ 13 , 39 ], duration lived with DM [ 9 , 14 , 35 ], fasting blood sugar [ 41 ], DM complication [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 36 , 37 ], chronic illness other than DM [ 14 , 34 ], and types of medication [ 34 ].…”

Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus at Tirunesh-Beijing general hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The presence of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with the burden of complications, financial stress, poor overall health status, knowledge of diabetes and poor glycemic control. It also worsens the prognosis of diabetes, increases the noncompliance to the medical treatment, decreases the quality of life, prolong the recovery from diabetes and increases mortality [15,[18][19][20]. Depression is also a major risk factor in hospital admissions and diabetes-related complications [12].…”