Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

Abstract

Background The nightmare of the rising numbers of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) requires the implementation of effective stewardship programs. However, this should be preceeded by making available evidence-based knowledge regarding the local antimicrobial resistance pattern, which is fundamental. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of MDRO among different Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) intensive care units (ICUs) and detect the resistance profile of the common pathogens. Results The 1-year records of a total of 1280 pathogens were studied. The highest number of pathogens were isolated from blood cultures (44.84%), followed by urine (41.41%) then wound swabs (13.75%). Gram-negative isolates (57.5%) were more prevalent than gram-positive ones (31.1%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (22.5%), Escherichia coli (13.4%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (12.5%). The highest percentage of resistance among gram-positive organisms was exhibited by penicillin (89.5%) followed by erythromycin (83.98%) and then cefoxitin (76.52%). None of the isolates showed resistance to linezolid and resistance to vancomycin was minimal (2.62%). Gram-negative isolates exhibited high overall resistance to all used antibiotic classes. The least frequency of resistance was recorded against nitrofurantoin (52.5%), amikacin (58.01%), followed by imipenem (59.78%) and meropenem (61.82%). All isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter showed 100% susceptibility to colistin. Conclusions The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) was high among both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This high resistance pattern foreshadows an inevitable catastrophe that requires continuous monitoring and implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult intensive care units at a selected tertiary hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The highest percentage of resistance against gram-negative bacteria was exhibited towards ceftriaxone 36(94.7%), ampicillin 21(91.3%), cefotaxime34(89.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 34(81.6%). Contrary to our finding, however, Fahim [ 39 ] reported a comparable high percentage of antibiotic resistance towards nitrofurantoin (52.5%), amikacin (58.0%), imipenem (59.7%), and meropenem (62.0%) in Gram-negative bacteria recovered from ICU patients. The degree of antimicrobial resistance against Gram-positive bacteria was relatively low.…”

Prevalence of methicillin resistance and superantigenic toxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with cancer

“…CoNS isolates showed the most resistance rates (more than 60 %) against erythromycin and clindamycin. Similar to the current research, Ghadiri et al [ 22 ] from Tehran, Iran, and Fahim et al [ 23 ] from Egypt reported a high resistance rate against erythromycin and clindamycin.…”

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of microbes isolated from individuals attending private diagnostic centre in Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana

“…If this trend continues unabated, then all other antibiotic options will be exhausted making the treatment of associated infections extremely difficult. Hence, the WHO identified it as an international health problem of prime concern 10 – 12 . To control this rising predicament, all-inclusive antibiotic and other relevant stewardship especially in poor countries are essential.…”

“…However, enough data concerning antimicrobial resistance are inaccessible to exactly measure the degree of the problem. The few available studies regarding results on microbiological samples suggest that there are hotbeds of emerging high-level resistance 10 .…”