Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Chicken Carcasses in Retail Markets in Yangon, Myanmar

Moe, Aung Zaw; Paulsen, Peter; Pichpol, Duangporn; Fries, R.; Irsigler, Herlinde; Baumann, Maximilian; Oo, Kyaw Naing

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-407

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…(Sodagari et al, 2015) showed that high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed to nalidixic acid (92.8%), tetracycline (81%), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (61.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), and kanamycin (36.9%), chloramphenicol (3.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (5.4%), and ampicillin (11.7%). Moe et al (2017) reported that Salmonella isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.3%), tetracycline (54.3%), streptomycin (49.3%), and ampicillin (47.1%), chloramphenicol (29.7%), amoxicillinclavulanic acid (17.4%), ciprofloxacin (9.4%), tobramycin (8.7%), gentamicin (8%), cefazolin (7.2%), lincomycin-spectinomycin (5.8%), and norfloxacin (0.7%). The obtained results are inconsistent with that reported by Asif et al (2017 ) who showed that S. Enteritidis was resistant to ampicillin (82.2%), tetracycline (80 %), augmentin (77.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolated From Poultry

Tarabees

Helal²,

Younis

2019

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

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Salmonella is still the major threat to the poultry industry and humans especially that of zoonotic importance. In the present study, a total of 300 samples (liver, intestine, yolk sac and spleen) collected from 100 broiler chickens were examined bacteriologically for the presence of Salmonella. The isolated salmonellae were then screened for virulence encoding genes using multiplex PCR and the antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics using disc diffusion method. Results showed that Salmonella was recovered from 5.33% of the examined samples. Sixteen Salmonella serovars were recovered [Salmonella Sinchem (n=3) Salmonella Typhimurium (n=2), Salmonella Gallinarum (n=2), Salmonella Enteritidis (n=2), Salmonella enterica subsp. Salamae (n=1), Salmonella Virchow (n=1), Salmonella Kentucky (n=2), Salmonella Heidelberg (n=1), Salmonella Farsta (n=1) and Salmonella Hydra (n=1)]. Results also showed that all the tested salmonellae (100%) were found harbor the virulence encoding gene specific amplicon of pagC, msgA, spiA, invA, prgH, orgA, sipB, tolC, iroN, lpfC, pefA, sitC, sifA, and sopB. While, only 30% and 70% of the examined salmonellae were harbor cdtB and spvB, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates revealed that most of the isolated Salmonella serovars were expressed multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MAR) to amoxicillin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that Salmonella isolated from broilers chicken were found to harbor many virulence encoding genes and expressed a high degree of MDR to antibiotics commonly used in human medicine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolated From Poultry

Tarabees

Helal²,

Younis

2019

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

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“…Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus are a cause of concern since they have been isolated from meat, poultry, and dairy [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Remarkable Effect of Potassium Iodide in Eosin and Rose Bengal Photodynamic Action against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2019

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising technique to inactivate foodborne bacteria, without inducing the development of bacterial resistance. Knowing that addition of inorganic salts, such as potassium iodide (KI), can modulate the photodynamic action of the photosensitizer (PS), we report in this study the antimicrobial effect of eosin (EOS) and rose bengal (RB) combined with KI against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the possible development of bacterial resistance after this combined aPDT protocol was evaluated. The combination of EOS or RB, at all tested concentrations, with KI at 100 mM, was able to efficiently inactivate S. Typhimurium and S. aureus. This combined approach allows a reduction in the PS concentration up to 1000 times, even against one of the most common foodborne pathogenics, S. Typhimurium, a gram-negative bacterium which is not so prone to inactivation with xanthene dyes when used alone. The photoinactivation of S. Typhimurium and S. aureus by both xanthenes with KI did not induce the development of resistance. The low price of the xanthene dyes, the non-toxic nature of KI, and the possibility of reducing the PS concentration show that this technology has potential to be easily transposed to the food industry.

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“…In Vietnam, NTS prevalence among broiler farms was found to be 45.6% (20) in one study and 64.7% in another (21). A study of poultry meat carcasses in Yangon, Myanmar during 2014-2015 found a 98% prevalence of Salmonella among 141 retail markets (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Other studies of poultry and poultry farms from India found 100% of the NTS isolates to be tetracycline resistant (18,19); and one of these the routine use of oxytetracycline as a feed additive. In Myanmar, 54% and 9% of NTS isolates from retail chicken samples were resistant to tetracycline and cipro oxacin, respectively (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in commercial poultry value chain in Chitwan, Nepal

Nelson

Manandhar

Ruzante

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens is a fast-growing public health concern. AMR in non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (NTS) among food animals is of special concern as this may transmit resistant pathogens to humans during handling or consumption of animal products. In Nepal, the possibility of AMR Salmonella serovars among food animals is an important area of research, particularly in light of the rapidly growing poultry industry, lack of surveillance and proper biosecurity measures; and paucity of relevant data. This study was conducted with the aim to estimate the burden of NTS and associated antimicrobial resistance in the environments of commercial poultry farms and the poultry carcasses in slaughter house. This study also intends to find some basic knowledge of the poultry farmers and their practice relating to the use of antimicrobials, vaccination and biosecurity measures.. Methods Taking one health approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Chitwan district of Nepal between May and October 2017. Various environmental samples viz. farm litter, feed, water, poultry faeces, vehicle swabs, farm swabs from 12 broiler poultry farms and various sections of poultry carcasses from 21 slaughter houses were aseptically collected. These were microbiologically assessed for the presence of NTS serovars and their phenotypic and genotypic indicators of antimicrobial resistance. The poultry farmers were also briefly interviewed regarding basic their basic biosecurity related knowledge and practices before collecting the environmental samples.Results Overall, of total environmental samples collected, 50% (31/62) tested positive for NTS serovars with environmental swabs (70%, 8/12) being the most culture positive sample types. Similarly, of 159 tissue samples collected from 24 carcasses, 79% (126/159) were culture positive for NTS serovars. Nearly 97% (153/157) of isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline, while 11% (17/157) to ciprofloxacin and 5% (8/157) of isolates were resistant against azithromycin. All 157 isolates were sensitive to meropenem. In terms of AMR genes, tetA (83%, 131/157), QrnS (40%,64/157), mefA (8%, 13/157) and VIM-1 (0.6%, 1/157) were detected in the isolates that corresponded to the AMR to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and meropenem respectively. In farmers interview, only 42% (5/12) of farmers mentioned of using basic biosecurity measures such as applying lime powder around the farm; 84% (10/12) of farmers reported vaccinating their birds with some vaccine and 75% (9/12) of farmers used various antimicrobials prophylactically such as neomycin (33%, 4/12), colistin (33%, 4/12), furaltadone (33%, 4/12), doxycycline (25%, 3/12), sulfatrimethoprim (25%, 3/12) and tylosin (16%, 2/12).Conclusions This study revealed gross contamination of farm environment and subsequent poultry meat samples with NTS serovars that were resistant to several clinically important antimicrobials. Further, inadequacy of even basic biosecurity measures and frequent prophylactic use of antimicrobials in the commercial poultry farms was observed. This reinforces an urgent need to raise awareness and implement proper biosecurity approaches from farms slaughter houses in order to reduce the burden of NTS contamination of surrounding environment and poultry products. Further, high prevalence AMR among NTS isolates also underscores the need to strengthen the policies to prevent the rampant use of clinically used human antimicrobials in poultry sector.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Chicken Carcasses in Retail Markets in Yangon, Myanmar

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolated From Poultry

Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolated From Poultry

The Remarkable Effect of Potassium Iodide in Eosin and Rose Bengal Photodynamic Action against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in commercial poultry value chain in Chitwan, Nepal

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