Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp Isolated from Diarrhoeic Children in Selected Health Centres in Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli and Salmonella spp. associated with childhood diarrhoea in our locality.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto between May and October 2017.
 Methodology: A total of 236 faecal samples were collected from children less than or equal to five years and were processed, isolates were identified following standard bacteriological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion method.
 Results: About 96/236 (40.7%) of the sample yielded growth of E. coli, and 14/236 (5.9%) yielded growth of Salmonella species. Salmonella spp were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone whereas they demonstrated low sensitivity of 35.7%, 14.3% and 7.1% to cefuroxime, ceftazidime and cotrimoxazole respectively and none of the isolates was sensitive to ampicillin and augumentin. E. coli on the other hand were 73.9% sensitive to ceftriaxone, 69.8% to ciprofloxacin, 62.5% to gentamycin and 61.5% sensitive to ofloxacin. Sensitivity of E. coli to cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole was very low and none of the isolates was sensitive to ampicillin and augumentin. Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli causing infectious diarrhoea among children in Sokoto is significantly high. Both bacterial agents presented with marked resistance to most antibiotics. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were found to be drugs of choice in the treatment of bacterial diarrhoea caused by both E. coli and Salmonella.

Investigation of multidrug resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> on medical equipment and surfaces from selected hospitals in Minna, Nigeria

“…The resistance to Ciprofloxacin is comparable to the study of Malik et al (2021) that reported resistance rate of 73.6% to Ciprofloxacin. However lower resistance rate of 24.5% and 17.8% to Ciprofloxacin was reported by Ya'aba et al (2020) and Najim et al (2019). Resistance to Nalidixic acid is comparable to results of Sharma et al (2013) and Wagle et al (2018) who reported resistance rates of 78.9% and 71.5% respectively.…”

“…This is in contrast to various other studies where higher resistance rate was recorded. Engda et al (2018) and Najim et al (2019) reported that E. coli isolates were totally resistant (100%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Ya'aba et al (2020) and Malik et al (2021) reported resistance level of 61.22% and 81.1% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid respectively. Lower resistance rate to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid observed in this study could be due to the effectiveness of the drug combinations.…”

“…From this study the E. coli isolates were highly susceptible to Chloramphenicol (77.3%) and Gentamycin (77.3%). However, moderate resistance to Chloramphenicol (36.5%) and Gentamycin (26%) was reported by Najim et al (2019). Susceptibility to Gentamicin could be attributed its nature of administration, as Gentamicin are administered intravenously as such they are not easily abused.…”

Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Salmonella Species in Children - A Single-Centered Study

“…A study conducted in Sokoto Nigeria 24 shows 5.9% of salmonella species were isolated among those were having 100% sensitivity to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone while no sensitivity was noted towards ampicillin and augmentin.…”