Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ibadan, Nigeria

Okesola, A O; Oni, A.A.; Bakare, Rasheed

doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90041-5

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This second category of antibiotics is not readily available for consumption to a majority of the populace because of its high cost. Vancomycin in particular is not available for routine clinical use in Nigeria; hence, most S. aureus isolates, including MRSA, are still susceptible to the drug,1,12–15 although there are few reports of the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates in some centers in Nigeria 28,29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with the worldwide spread of MRSA, there are increasing reports of MRSA strains involved in clinical infections in Nigeria 1,12–15. Most of these strains are detected by a phenotypic method using oxacillin and methicillin disks, which may not reflect the true prevalence because of many factors that affect the performance and reliability of the disk diffusion test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowe¹,

Kukoyi²,

Taiwo³

et al. 2013

IDR

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IntroductionThe characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction.Materials and methodsA total of 208 isolates of S. aureus recovered from clinical specimens were included in this study. Standard microbiological procedures were employed in isolating the strains. Susceptibility of each isolate to methicillin (5 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), and cefoxitin (30 μg) was carried out using the modified Kirby–Bauer/Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute disk diffusion technique. They were also tested against panels of antibiotics including vancomycin. The conventional polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence of the mecA gene.ResultsPhenotypic resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin were 32.7%, 40.3%, and 46.5%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 40 isolates, giving a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence of 19.2%. The S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (82.7%) and tetracycline (65.4%), but largely susceptible to erythromycin (78.8% sensitive), pefloxacin (82.7%), and gentamicin (88.5%). When compared to the mecA gene as the gold standard for MRSA detection, methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin gave sensitivity rates of 70%, 80%, and 100%, and specificity rates of 76.2%, 69.1%, and 78.5% respectively.ConclusionWhen compared with previous studies employing mecA polymerase chain reaction for MRSA detection, the prevalence of 19.2% reported in Ekiti State, Nigeria in this study is an indication of gradual rise in the prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria. A cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test is recommended above methicillin and oxacillin for the phenotypic detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowe¹,

Kukoyi²,

Taiwo³

et al. 2013

IDR

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“…Forty-one percent of the MRSA isolates were from inpatients, while 59% were from outpatients. The high incidence of MRSA among outpatients was unusual at that time (23). A survey of MRSA strains at a teaching hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria, suggested a similar MRSA prevalence rate of 34.7% (27).…”

Section: %]) the Incidence Of S Aureus-causedmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The increasing prevalence of MRSA infections among nonhospitalized patients due to the emergence of unique community-associated S. aureus strains has become a Nigerian problem as well as a global problem. Because the genetic analysis of indigenous S. aureus strains is limited in Nigeria, we aimed to study the genetics, prevalence, and dissemination of such strains in Ibadan, where one of the largest university hospitals in Nigeria is located (2,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain with a Unique Resistance Profile in Southwest Nigeria

et al. 2009

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“…1,2 One of the earliest reports on MRSA in Africa was by Scragg et al 3 Subsequently, MRSA was reported from the mid '80s to the 1990s in a number of African countries including Ethiopia, 4 Kenya, 5 Nigeria, 6,7 Senegal, 8 South Africa and Sudan. [9][10][11][12] Resistance to methicillin (and to all β-lactam antibiotics) in Staphylococcus aureus is primarily associated with the acquisition of the mecA gene coding for the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis.…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Accra, Ghana

Odonkor

Newman

Addo

2012

Microbiol Res (Pavia)

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Over the last four decades, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has spread throughout the world and become highly endemic in many geographical areas. This pathogen causes severe morbidity and mortality in hospitals worldwide. MRSA is also considered a major community acquired pathogen throughout the world. MRSA is implicated in serious clinical conditions such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and intra-abdominal infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in Accra, Ghana, and also to determine its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Two hundred and fifty Staphylococcus aureus isolates from routine microbiological specimens were collected from five hospitals in Accra. MRSA screening assay was used to screen for MRSA. Disc diffusion method (KirbyBauer) was used to determine the susceptibility of the MRSA. The MRSA screening assay, which is very close to the polymerase chain reaction in terms of specificity and sensitivity, showed that 84 of the 250 isolates were MRSA, giving a prevalence rate of 33.6%. MRSA strains were susceptible to erythromycin; 63 out of the 84 MRSA isolates were susceptible representing 75%. This was followed by gentamicin 46 (54.7%), cotrimoxazole 35 (49%), cefuroxime 33 (38%), flucloxacillin 24 (28.6%), and ampicillin 13 (15.5%). Penicillin 4 (4.8%) and tetracycline 6 (7.1%) were the least susceptible. The findings from this study emphasize the need for continual surveillance of MRSA and of antibiotic resistance in general.

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Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ibadan, Nigeria

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Emergence of a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain with a Unique Resistance Profile in Southwest Nigeria

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Accra, Ghana

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