Pretreatment Parameters Obtained from Peripheral Blood Sample Predicts Invasiveness of Bladder Carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose: To predict the invasiveness of urothelial bladder carcinoma using a logistic regression model on preoperative peripheral blood samples. Patients and Methods: Hospital data of patients operated for urothelial carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative blood samples were collected before the first cystoscopic examination. Any kind of infection or inflammation was an exclusion criterion. Patients were grouped as having a non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The mean age was 69 years and was determined as the cut-off value. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, threshold points were determined for lymphocytes, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombocytes and mean platelet volume. Demographic specialties, parameters obtained from blood samples, tumor size and multiplicity were evaluated and significant parameters were put into a logistic regression model. Results: The study group consisted of 80 non-muscle-invasive and 102 muscle-invasive patients. Age (≤69 vs. >69), female gender, NLR (2.57), mean platelet volume (7.9/fl) and platelet count (400,000/µl) were significant parameters and put in a model. Using odds ratios, the probability of tumor invasiveness was calculated by a formula. Conclusion: Age, female gender, NLR and platelet count were found to be the predictors of invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma.

The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment

“…[149] Urothelial carcinoma An NLR>2.5 was found to be a predictor of invasiveness. [433] overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma from patients with recurrent disease as well as in highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines [381]. The upregulation of CXCL5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells correlated with the promotion of tumor growth, lung metastasis and intratumoral neutrophil infiltration [381].…”

Diagnostic Value of Pre treatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio for Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

“…The consensus finding in these studies was elevated NLR in MIBC as compared to NMIBC. However, two research groups performed univariate analysis only [9,10,11] . Elevated NLR was associated with upstaging or extra-vesical disease in the papers examining patients after radical cystectomy, [21,22,23] .…”

“…A consens cutoff value for NLR remains to be determined. [9] [22] 68 Patients with recurrent T1 disease or MIBC undergoing radical cystectomy…”

“…Many studies establishing a relationship between elevated NLR and invasive bladder cancer have been published [9,10,11] . Some of these have neglected other, alternate inflammation-based scores including PLR and LMR, which were included in few studies [13] .…”

Predictive role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on upstaging of organ-confined invasive urothelial bladder cancer to non-organconfined disease

“…[15] For various types of cancer, the degree of systemic inflammation reflects the tumor burden. [22] Evidence of systemic inflammation, as marked by leukocytosis or elevated C-reactive protein, is a known poor prognostic factor in cancers and such markers portend worse prognosis and response to therapy. [11] The…”