Pretreatment of Soybean Meal with Phytase for Salmonid Diets to Reduce Phosphorus Concentrations in Hatchery Effluents

Cain, Kenneth D.; Garling, Donald L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0114:posmwp>2.3.co;2

Cited by 118 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Phytase addition to fish diet has been reported to increase dietary mineral retention in fish [8,[34][35][36]. In this experiment, significant effect of phytase on mineral availability was observed.…”

Section: Mineral Composition Of the Dietmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…breakdown, which made phosphorus available (Table 2) in these diet [5,6,8] in excess of requirement [14]. While dietary phosphorus declined in diet with 50% full fat soya bean with increasing phytase addition from 250 FTU/g to 1000 FTU/g (Table 2), values of available phosphorus increased with 1000 FTU/g phytase.…”

Section: Mineral Composition Of the Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cao et al reported that the growth and feed conversion efficiency in commonly cultured fish species, such as carps, tilapias, trout and salmons were negatively affected by the phytate in the diets [7]. Phytase in fish diet can breakdown a portion of the phytate, increasing availability of dietary phytate-phosphorus in diets for fish [1,8,9]. However, very low phytase activities have been reported for legume seeds, hence dietary supplementation is necessary in oil seed meals, particularly soy bean meal to improve protein and mineral digestibility and availability, which is very low compared to fish meal [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

Akpoilih¹,

ek²,

Omitoyin³

2016

J Aquac Res Development

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The research investigated the interactive effect of five phytase graded levels of 0 FTU/g (P0), 250 FTU/g (P1), 500 FTU/g (P2), 750 FTU/g (P3), 1000 FTU/g (P4) and four graded levels of roasted soya bean substitution at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in place of fish meal, respectively. All basal diets contained 0.20% calcium without added inorganic phosphorus, wheat and amino acids supplements so that the phosphorus, calcium, and Ca/P ratios of the five (5) were: S0 (1.31%, 1.85%, and 1.41), S1 (1.15%, 1.64%, and 1.43), S2 (1.01%, 1.28%, and 1.27), S3 (0.75%, 0.99%, and 1.30), and S4 (0.43%, 0.68%, and 1.59). 1092 fish of average weight 11.55 ± 0.2 g were randomly allocated to all experimental diet and fed 3% body for 84 days. There was no significant difference in final weight, weight gain and FCR S3P1 and S0P0 (P>0.05). Fish fed low phosphorus diet (100% soya bean) showed reduced total weight and weight gain compared to high (0%, 25%, 50%) and medium phosphorus diet (75%) with phytase addition (P<0.05). Fish fed phytase at 50-200 FTU/g and inorganic control had lower weight gain compared to S3P1 (P<0.05). Ca/P ratio correlated negatively with final weight (r=-0.439, P<0.01), weight gain (r=-0.431, P<0.01), SGR (r=-0.138, P>0.05), and PER (r=-0.210, P>0.05). Ca/P of S3P1 (1.41 ± 0.02) was not different from S0P0 (1.41 ± 0.01). Bone phosphorus, calcium and zinc were higher in 250 FTU/g compared to 0 FTU/g, 500 FTU/g, 750 FTU/g and 1000 FTU/g. In conclusion, Phytase improved growth performance (r=0.05) of juvenile Clarias gariepinus with optimum at 250 FTU/g; however, Ca/P affected performance (r=-0.431) and should range between 1.41-1.46 for optimum phytase activity.

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Section: Mineral Composition Of the Dietmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Mineral Composition Of the Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

Akpoilih¹,

ek²,

Omitoyin³

2016

J Aquac Res Development

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“…Typically, animal protein source such as fishmeal or poultry by-products and plant protein source such as soy products contain significant amount of phytate phosphorous which is unavailable to most fish (Davis, 1999). Therefore, phytase supplementation of the diet can lead to easier release of phosphorous from phytate, making it more available to fish and reducing the undigested phosphorous discharge (Cain & Garling, 1995;Cheng & Hardy, 2002;Papatryphon et al, 1999;Rodehutscord & Pfeffer, 1995;Storebakken et al, 1998;Sugiura et al, 2001;Vielma et al, 1998Vielma et al, , 2000. In addition, better disease resistance of the fish fed was reported with DDGS for some species like catfish (allaboutfeed.net, 2008;Lim et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Feeds Using Graded Levels of High Protein Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains (HP-DDG) and Conventional Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

Fallahi¹,

Rosentrater²,

Muthukumarappan³

et al. 2013

JFR

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Twin-screw extrusion cooking trials were performed to investigate the differential effects of conventional DDGS (DDGS) and HP-DDG inclusion, as fishmeal replacers, on physical properties (moisture content, water activity, thermal properties, expansion ratio, unit density, bulk density, water absorption, solubility and pellet durability indices, and color) of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed. Four ingredient blends were formulated with 20 and 40% C-DDGS, and 20 and 40% HP-DDG, along with other required dietary ingredients. Each diet was extruded using two replications; a fishmeal based diet acted as the control diet. The highest and the lowest extrudate moisture content and water activity were observed for the diets containing 20% DDGS and 40% HP-DDG, respectively. Compared to the control diet, increasing HP-DDG content from 20 to 40% had no effect on the bulk density of the products, while increasing DDGS content from 20-40% led to a considerable rise in bulk density of the extrudates by 14.2 and 6%, respectively. Also, extrudates with the lowest brightness, greenness, and yellowness values were obtained from the diet containing 20% DDGS, whereas the most color intensity values were observed for the diets containing 40% DDGS and 20% HP-DDG. Increasing DDGS and HP-DDG from 0-40% caused a remarkable increase in water absorption index, by 72 and 30%, respectively. Likewise, the water solubility index increased, but in a considerably lesser order of magnitude. High pellet durability index of more than 99% was achieved with inclusion of either DDGS or HP-DDG. None of the diets impacted the thermal properties of the extrudates. Inclusion of 20 and 40% DDGS resulted in the extrudates with the largest and the smallest unit density values of nearly 887 and 750 kg/m 3 , respectively. As was expected, expansion ratio decreased with increasing unit density. Increasing inclusion levels of HP-DDG did not show any effect on unit density or expansion ratio of the products. Future research should concentrate on investigating the effects of both extrusion processing and graded levels of different types of DDGS on Rainbow trout feeds.

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“…Phytases are acid phosphatase enzymes of the histidine acid phosphatase family that can liberate inorganic phosphorus from phytate 24 and other bound minerals. Previous studies 25,26 have shown that phytase works best when the plant feed ingredients are pre-treated. Therefore the present study assessed the effect of phytase on the digestibility of Brazil nut residue and leucaena leaf meal based diets, and on the growth of tambaqui.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Nwanna¹,

Oishi²,

Pereira-Filho³

2008

ScienceAsia

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ABSTRACT:The study assessed the effect of phytase on the digestibility of alternative plant feed ingredients Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal fed to tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and on fish growth. Five treatments were used: UPI denoted the negative control diet with unfermented plant ingredients; UPIP was positive control diet with unfermented plant ingredient supplemented with 3 g/kg phosphorus (NaH 2 PO 4 ); FPI indicated diet with fermented plant ingredients; FPIPT1 denoted diet with fermented plant ingredients supplemented with phytase 4000 U/kg; and FPIPT2 was diet with plant ingredients fermented together with phytase 4000 U/kg. Chromic oxide was added to the diets as inert marker for digestibility study. The diets were fed to juveniles of tambaqui (70.0 ± 6.3 g) to satiation twice daily in recirculation systems for 56 days. Results indicated high and better digestibility of protein and lipid by fish fed diet with phytase, which resulted in a corresponding better fish growth. Growth rate of the fish was high and increased from initial weight of 70 g to 132 g almost doubling the initial weight. No significant differences were found in weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ration, but performance was better in fish fed diets with phytase. The fish grew well in low dissolved oxygen levels of 4.23-4.34 mg/l, pH of 5.80-5.91 and high ammonia concentration of 1.76-2.17 mg/l without compromising growth and physiological functions.

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Pretreatment of Soybean Meal with Phytase for Salmonid Diets to Reduce Phosphorus Concentrations in Hatchery Effluents

Cited by 118 publications

References 5 publications

Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Feeds Using Graded Levels of High Protein Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains (HP-DDG) and Conventional Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

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