Pretreatment of Garlic Oil Extracts Hampers Epithelial Damage in Cell Culture Model of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Peptic ulcer disease is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population. Proton pump inhibitors, such as lansoprazole are the gold standard in the treatment of ulcer disease. However, various studies have shown the effectiveness of garlic oil extracts in the treatment of ulcer disease. A cellular model can be established in the human gastric cell line by sodium taurocholate. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of garlic oil extracts pretreatment and LPZ addition in the cell culture model of peptic ulcer disease by examining oxidative stress and F-actin distribution. Materials and Methods: Evaluation was performed by determination of glutathione and prostaglandin E2 concentrations by ELISA; human gastric cell line proliferation by cell counting; expression of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G, member 2; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 by RT PCR; and F-actin cytoskeleton visualization by semi-quantification of Rhodamine Phalloidin stain. Results: Our results showed significant reduction of cell damage after sodium taurocholate incubation when the gastric cells were pretreated with lansoprazole (p < 0.001) and increasing concentrations of garlic oil extracts (p < 0.001). Pretreatment with lansoprazole and different concentrations of garlic oil extracts increased prostaglandin E2 and glutathione concentrations in the cell culture model of peptic ulcer disease (p < 0.001). Positive correlation of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (p < 0.01) with lansoprazole and garlic oil extracts pretreatment was seen, while ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G, member 2 expression was not changed. Treatment with sodium taurocholate as oxidative stress on F actin structure was less pronounced, although the highest concentration of garlic oil extracts led to a statistically significant increase of total amount of F-actin (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Hence, pretreatment with garlic oil extracts had gastroprotective effect in the cell model of peptic ulcer disease. However, further experiments are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of this protective role.

Bioactivity and health effects of garlic essential oil: A review

“…In a study by Rodrigues et al, terpenes and their derivatives have been shown to have gastric protective activity and significantly increase the concentration of glutathione in adenocarcinoma gastric cells (Rodrigues & Percival, 2019 ). The same results were confirmed by the study of Kuna et al ( 2022 ). Moreover, Stagos et al found that quercetin, a plant polyphenol in garlic essential oil, significantly increased the level of glutathione in vivo and in vitro and inhibited the decrease of glutathione (Stagos et al, 2012 ).…”

Pharmacological Mechanism of Aucklandiae Radix against Gastric Ulcer Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experiment

“…At present, the anti-ulcer effect and mechanism of many kinds of medicinal plants and their components have been revealed. For example, previous reports have recorded that the aged garlic and garlic oil extract enhanced the expression of PGE2, thus protecting the stomach injury caused by indomethacin and sodium taurocholate, and this effect may be related to the fatty acids and flavonoids abundant in garlic [34,35]. However, further exploration is needed to clarify which ingredient is most effective.…”

Pharmacological targeting of gastric mucosal barrier with traditional Chinese medications for repairing gastric mucosal injury

“…This network forms connecting plaques and links transmembrane components to the cytoskeleton. Cell model of peptic ulcer disease revealed that garlic oil in TCMs can scaled up the tension of the F-actin that drives ZO-1 protein towards the margin of the ulcer to speed up the process of gap-filling ( Schwayer, et al, 2019 ; Kuna, et al, 2022 ). Meanwhile, certain western drugs may have an adverse effect on mucosal repair of GMI.…”

“…Meanwhile, certain western drugs may have an adverse effect on mucosal repair of GMI. A study has discovered that using lansoprazole can lead to a reduction of F-actin ( Kuna, et al, 2022 ).…”