Pretreated Macrophage‐Membrane‐Coated Gold Nanocages for Precise Drug Delivery for Treatment of Bacterial Infections

Abstract

Pathogenic bacterial infections and drug resistance make it urgent to develop new antibacterial agents with targeted delivery. Here, a new targeting delivery nanosystem is designed based on the potential interaction between bacterial recognizing receptors on macrophage membranes and distinct pathogen‐associated molecular patterns in bacteria. Interestingly, the expression of recognizing receptors on macrophage membranes increases significantly when cultured with specific bacteria. Therefore, by coating pretreated macrophage membrane onto the surface of a gold–silver nanocage (GSNC), the nanosystem targets bacteria more efficiently. Previously, it has been shown that GSNC alone can serve as an effective antibacterial agent owing to its photothermal effect under near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Furthermore, the nanocage can be utilized as a delivery vehicle for antibacterial drugs since the gold–silver nanocage presents a hollow interior and porous wall structure. With significantly improved bacterial adherence, the Sa‐M‐GSNC nanosystem, developed within this study, is effectively delivered and retained at the infection site both via local or systemic injections; the system also shows greatly prolonged blood circulation time and excellent biocompatibility. The present work described here is the first to utilize bacterial pretreated macrophage membrane receptors in a nanosystem to achieve specific bacterial‐targeted delivery, and provides inspiration for future therapy based on this concept.

Photoactivated Trifunctional Platinum Nanobiotics for Precise Synergism of Multiple Antibacterial Modes

“…Live/Dead Staining of Bacterial Biofilms : Live/dead staining assay was operated as in previous study . Briefly, 100 µL suspensions containing 1 × 10 6 CFU mL −1 bacteria were pipetted onto a glass coverslip and incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. Then, the glass coverslips were rinsed mildly with PBS twice and immersed in LB culture medium for 24 h to obtain bacterial biofilm.…”

Antibiotic‐Free Antibacterial Strategies Enabled by Nanomaterials: Progress and Perspectives

“…Apart from the passive targeting strategy in response to the distinctive bacterial microenvironment, bacterial pathogens can also be recognized by the immune system through “active targeting.” Recently, macrophage membrane‐coated gold‐silver nanocages (Sa‐M‐GSNCs) were developed. Through interactions between the bacteria‐recognizing receptors on macrophage membranes and the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns on bacterial surfaces, this strategy significantly increased the adhesion and accumulation of Sa‐M‐GSNCs on bacteria and eventually the photothermal efficiency at the infection site to damage bacteria . Bacterial membrane receptors can also be targeted by specific ligands, such as in the delivery of antibiotics .…”

Recent Advances of Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…Cell membrane-coated drug-loaded nanomaterials Good biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity [19][20][21][22] Cell membrane-coated drug-self-assembly nanomaterials [25] Template Cell membrane-coated nanogels Guiding the core formation [27] Nanoreactor Cell membrane-coated a single natural enzyme Improving the stability of enzymes or nanoenzymes in circulation [28,29] Cell membrane-coated a single nanozyme [30] Cell membrane-coated multiple natural enzymes [31,32] Cell membrane-coated multiple nanozymes [33] Cellular communication Circulation Cell membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanomaterials [38,39,43,45] Cell Neutrophil membrane-coated nanomaterials Protection of neutrophils [65] Bacteria membrane-cloaked nanomaterials Protection of body from bacteria adhesion [68] T cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Protection of T cells [69] Targeting Stem cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Enhancing tumor targeting ability [74][75][76][77] Leukocyte membrane-coated nanomaterials [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Platelet membrane-coated nanomaterials [91,[93][94][95][96][97][98] Tumor cell membrane-coated nanomaterials Homologous targeting ability…”

“…© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH from bacteria pretreated macrophage showed specific bacterialtargeting capacity. [85] Neutrophil is another type of leukocytes, and the neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles were used to alleviate inflammation by targeting delivery Resolvin D2. [86] To gain insight into the targeting capacity for inflammation, researchers extracted the leukocyte membrane proteins and inserted these proteins into liposomes to investigate the protein corona.…”