The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904106.Bacterial infection is one of the top ten leading causes of death globally and the worst killer in low-income countries. The overuse of antibiotics leads to ever-increasing antibiotic resistance, posing a severe threat to human health. Recent advances in nanotechnology provide new opportunities to address the challenges in bacterial infection by killing germs without using antibiotics. Antibiotic-free antibacterial strategies enabled by advanced nanomaterials are presented. Nanomaterials are classified on the basis of their mode of action: nanomaterials with intrinsic or light-mediated bactericidal properties and others that serve as vehicles for the delivery of natural antibacterial compounds. Specific attention is given to antibacterial mechanisms and the structureperformance relationship. Practical antibacterial applications employing these antibiotic-free strategies are also introduced. Current challenges in this field and future perspectives are presented to stimulate new technologies and their translation to fight against bacterial infection.

Antibiotic‐free strategies are promising candidates to revolutionize control over bacterial infection. In article number 1904106, Hao Song, Chengzhong Yu and co‐workers review recent progress regarding antibiotic‐free antibacterial approaches driven by advanced nanomaterials. The antibacterial mechanisms and translation into practical applications are summarized.

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