Presymptomatic MS or radiologically isolated syndrome should be actively monitored and treated: Commentary

Maternal smoking and multiple sclerosis risk in offspring: A further clue of prenatal environmental triggers

“…These findings are on the edge of contemporary MS research, which is focusing on the preclinical/prodromal phases of the disease, a time window in which acting on modifiable environmental triggers, including lifestyle habits, is of crucial importance. 7 Together with a few previous evidence, 4,5 they indicate that research on potential environmental MS risk factors, as well as interventions aimed at their modification, should be introduced much earlier than that believed in the past, even in the prenatal/neonatal period.…”