Pressurized gasification of torrefied woody biomass in a lab scale fluidized bed

Enriched-air fluidized bed gasification using bench and pilot scale reactors of dairy manure with sand bedding based on response surface methods

“…X ¼ capacity exponent (0.7) (v) the annual tax rate was set at 35%, (vi) the mass yield and price of bio-char were assumed to be 5% and 0.1 $/kg, respectively [29,30], (vii) the dry solid manure production from each head of dairy cattle was obtained as 8.2 kg/day-animal dry matter [5], (viii) the operation period for the plant process of daily production of dairy manure was set at 365 days, (ix) the high heating value (HHV) of processed sand mixed dairy manure was obtained as 12.3 MJ/kg, as shown in Table 1, (x) The overall efficiency of electricity generation from feedstock to power generation was set as 15% [27], (xi) no land cost was assumed as the estimate is based on mobile facilities, (xii) a MARCS (modified accelerated cost recovery system) was used to calculate the discounted cash flow return on investment (DCF ROI), the discounted payback period (DPBP), and production selling cost, (xiii) a 7-year depreciation schedule was applied to the MARCS with a 10% IRR (internal rate of return), and (xiv) no state tax was applied as the model dairy area is located in Texas, USA.…”

Effect of Torrefied Wood Biomass under an Oxidizing Environment in a Downdraft Gasification Process

“…Also, depending on the severity of the torrefaction conditions, higher carbon conversion efficiencies have been reported (Weiland et al 2014). Higher gas yield, gasification temperatures, PG heating value, and overall efficiencies were obtained in fluidized bed reactors using torrefied biomass as feedstock (Prins et al 2006;Berrueco et al 2014;Xue et al 2014). Otherwise, lower tar yields and lower energy efficiencies have been reported for this technology if the volatiles released during torrefaction are not used (Prins et al 2006;Berrueco et al 2014).…”

“…Moreover, the use of biomass as energy resource has a minimum impact on the environment, which follows the goals proposed by the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC 2015). However, biomass as feedstock has several disadvantages, such as high moisture content, low energy content, and high transportation and storage costs (Berrueco et al 2014).…”

Design, Optimization and Energetic Efficiency of Producing Hydrogen-Rich Gas from Biomass Steam Gasification

“…Therefore; the optimization of the maximum SEE of the BSG process subject to constraint equations is defined in terms of two manipulated variables via FORTRAN code. The following optimization algorithm for maximizing the SEE of designs I and II is described by: (15) subject to: the steady-state operating conditions. To determine the optimal steady-state operating conditions, first the lower and upper bounds of ij u , i a and i b , are given in Table 6.…”

“…They concluded that the severity of torrefaction has a significant influence on gasification performance. Berrueco et al [15] performed O2/steam gasification of torrefied woody biomass in a lab scale fluidized bed under various pressures. They found that the gas yield and tar were positively influenced by the pressure and torrefaction temperature.…”